Network Fundamentals for

Cloud
BITS Pilani Nishit Narang
WILPD-CSIS
Pilani Campus
 BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

CC ZG503: Network Fundamentals for Cloud

Lecture No. 1
 BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

Introductions
Faculty Introduction – Dr Nishit Narang
Head and Associate Professor, Computer Science and Information Systems,
Off Campus BITS Pilani (joined Dec 2020)

Academic Background:
• B.Tech and PhD from IIT Delhi in Computer Science and Engineering

Expertise:
• Computer & Communication Networks and Information Security

Past Experience:
• Before BITS Pilani, worked for 23 years in the IT industry
• Projects in terrestrial, satellite, and mobile communication networks, Industrial and Consumer IoT solutions involving
industrial automation, smart city solutions, and consumer wearables
• Over the years and across projects, focused extensively on Information Security and Cybersecurity.

Books Authored:
• Co-author of four books in the communications domain, which are published by McGraw Hill and sold internationally

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Course Introduction: Objectives

No Description

CO1 Understanding design and architectural choices for a data center network.
CO2 Understand enabling technologies, protocols, tools and services used for
implementation of cloud networks.

CO3 Understanding cloud network performance and security challenges and

methods to address them.

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Course Structure Overview

Network Performance
and Security

Virtual Cloud Networks

• Network Topologies
Data Center Networks • TCP/IP Reference Model
(Physical Network) • Addressing Concepts
• Routing and Switching
Enabling Technology Functions
Overview • VPNs and VLANs
• Reliability in Data Transfer
Network Fundamentals • Congestion Control, Flow
Control and Traffic Engineering
Course Structure Overview

Network Performance
and Security

Virtual Cloud Networks

Data Center Networks • Software Defined Networking

(Physical Network) • Network Function
Virtualization
Enabling Technology
Overview

Network Fundamentals
Course Structure Overview

Network Performance • DCN Traffic Patterns and

and Security Challenges
• DCN Architecture and Network
Virtual Cloud Networks Topologies
• Routing Protocols for DCNs
• Multi-DC Networks
Data Center Networks • SDN in the Data Center
(Physical Network)

Enabling Technology
Overview

Network Fundamentals
Course Structure Overview

Network Performance
and Security • Virtual Private Cloud
• SR-IOV, vSwitch, OVS
• Cloud DNS, Cloud NAT, Cloud
Virtual Cloud Networks
VPNs
• API Gateways, ALBs, CDN
Data Center Networks • Container Networking
(Physical Network)

Enabling Technology
Overview

Network Fundamentals
Course Structure Overview
• Cloud Network Security
• Hypervisor Risks
• Network Segmentation
Network Performance • Firewalls, Access Security
and Security Brokers, IPS
• Traffic Monitoring &
Virtual Cloud Networks Visualization
• Network Performance &
Data Center Networks Optimization
(Physical Network)

Enabling Technology
Overview

Network Fundamentals
Text & Reference Books

Text Book(s)
T1 Kurose James F and Keith W. Ross: Computer Networking: A Top-Down
Approach, Pearson India, 6th Edition, 2013
T2 Lei Zhang, Le Chen. Cloud Data Center Network Architectures and
Technologies, CRC Press 2021
T3 Dinesh G. Dutt. Cloud Native Data Center Networking: Architecture,
Protocols and Tools, O’Reilly 2020
R1 Paul Goransson, Chuck Black. Software Defined Networks: A Comprehensive
Approach, MK (Elsevier) 2014
R2 Ken Gray, Thomas D. Nadeau. Network Function Virtualization, MK
(Elsevier) 2016
R3 Ronald L. Krutz, Russell Dean Vines. Cloud Security: A Comprehensive Guide
to Secure Cloud Computing, John Wiley & Sons, 2010

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Supporting Material

Other Reading Material

O1 Jupiter Rising: A Decade of Clos Topologies and Centralized Control in Google’s
Datacenter Network by Arjun Singh and Others
O2 A Scalable, Commodity Data Center Network Architecture by Mohammad Al-
Fares, Alexander Loukissas and Amin Vahdat
O3 B4: Experience with a Globally-Deployed Software Defined WAN by Sushant
Jain and Others
O4 Cloud Service Provider (AWS, Azure, GCP) Public Domain Technical
Documentation

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Proposed Evaluation Scheme

No Name Type Duration Weight

EC-1 Quiz-I Online - 5%
EC-1 Quiz-II Online - 5%
EC-1 Assignment-I Online - 10%
EC-1 Assignment-II Online - 10%
EC-2 Mid-Semester Test Closed Book 2 hours 30%
EC-3 Comprehensive Exam Open Book 3 hours 40%

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

Fundamentals of Networking: Part 1

Slides Source: Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach, 8th edition, Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, Pearson, 2020

All material copyright 1996-2020

J.F Kurose and K.W. Ross, All Rights Reserved
The Internet: a “nuts and bolts” view
Billions of connected mobile network
computing devices: national or global ISP
 hosts = end systems
 running network apps at
Internet’s “edge”

Packet switches: forward

packets (chunks of data) local or
Internet
regional
 routers, switches ISP
home network content
Communication links provider
network datacenter
 fiber, copper, radio, satellite network

 transmission rate: bandwidth

Networks enterprise
 collection of devices, routers, network
links: managed by an organization
Introduction: 1-15
 The Internet: a “nuts and bolts” view
mobile network
4G
• Internet: “network of national or global ISP

networks”
 protocols are everywhere
– Interconnected ISPs Skype
IP
Streaming
video
• control sending, receiving of
local or
messages regional
ISP
• e.g., HTTP (Web), streaming video,
home network
Skype, TCP, IP, WiFi, 4G, Ethernet content
provider
HTTP network
 Internet standards
datacenter
network
Ethernet
• RFC: Request for Comments
• IETF: Internet Engineering Task TCP
enterprise
Force network

WiFi
Introduction: 1-16
What’s a protocol?
Human protocols: Network protocols:
 “what’s the time?”  computers (devices) rather than humans
 “I have a question”  all communication activity in Internet
 introductions governed by protocols

Rules for:
Protocols define the format, order of
… specific messages sent messages sent and received among
… specific actions taken network entities, and actions taken
when message received,
or other events on message transmission, receipt

Introduction: 1-17
What’s a protocol?
A human protocol and a computer network protocol:

Hi TCP connection
request
Hi TCP connection
response
Got the
time? GET http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/kurose_ross
2:00
<file>
time

Introduction: 1-18
A closer look at Internet structure
mobile network
national or global ISP
Network edge:
• hosts: clients and servers
• servers often in data centers
local or
regional ISP

home network content

provider
network datacenter
network

enterprise
network

Introduction: 1-19
 Packet-switching: store-and-forward

L bits
per packet
3 2 1
source destination
R bps R bps

• packet transmission delay: takes L/R One-hop numerical example:

seconds to transmit (push out) L-bit packet  L = 10 Kbits
into link at R bps  R = 100 Mbps
• store and forward: entire packet must arrive  one-hop transmission delay
= 0.1 msec
at router before it can be transmitted on next
link
Introduction: 1-20
A closer look at Internet structure
mobile network
national or global ISP
Network edge:
• hosts: clients and servers
• servers often in data centers
local or
regional ISP
Access networks, physical media: home network content
• wired, wireless communication provider
network datacenter
network
links
enterprise
network

Introduction: 1-21
A closer look at Internet structure
mobile network
national or global ISP
Network edge:
• hosts: clients and servers
• servers often in data centers
local or

Access networks, physical media: regional ISP

• wired, wireless communication home network content

provider

links network datacenter

network

Network core:
 interconnected routers enterprise
network
 network of networks
Introduction: 1-22
Access networks and physical media
Q: How to connect end systems mobile network
national or global ISP
to edge router?
• residential access nets
• institutional access networks (school,
company) local or
regional ISP
• mobile access networks (WiFi, 4G/5G)
home network content
provider
network datacenter
network

enterprise
network

Introduction: 1-23
Access networks: enterprise networks
Enterprise link to
ISP (Internet)
institutional router
Ethernet institutional mail,
switch web servers

 companies, universities, etc.

 mix of wired, wireless link technologies, connecting a mix of switches
and routers (we’ll cover differences shortly)
 Ethernet: wired access at 100Mbps, 1Gbps, 10Gbps
 WiFi: wireless access points at 11, 54, 450 Mbps
Introduction: 1-24
 Access networks: data center networks
mobile network
 high-bandwidth links (10s to 100s Gbps) national or global ISP
connect hundreds to thousands of
servers together, and to Internet

local or
regional ISP

home network content

provider
network datacenter
network

Courtesy: Massachusetts Green High Performance Computing enterprise

Center (mghpcc.org) network

Introduction: 1-25