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Computer Network Chapter 4

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Computer Network Chapter 4

Uploaded by

mawdodi.sadam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER NETWORKS

BY: ASMAT TASAL


IT DEPARTMENT
CHAPTER 4
OSI Model
Contents to be discussed:
• Introduction
• Purpose of OSI model
• Why we study OSI model
• 7 layers of OSI model
OSI Model
• OSI stand for Open System Interconnection.
• A network model with 7 layers.
• Creator ISO (International Standardization Organization)
• Year 1984
• It’s used to understand how data is transferred from one
computer to another in a computer network.
OSI Model

• Layer-7 Application Upper Layer


• Layer-6 Presentation OR
Software Layer
• Layer-5 Session
• Layer-4 Transport Heart of OSI Model
• Layer-3 Network
• Layer-2 Data Link Lower Layer
OR
• Layer-1 Physical Hardware Layer
Why we should study about OSI ?
• To know how communication takes place on a network.
Why we should study about OSI ?
• To know step-by-step troubleshooting.
Why we should study about OSI ?
• Guide for network protocols developers
APPLICATION LAYER
7. Application Layer
• Application layer is the most top layer of OSI model
that provides the interface between the applications and
network.
 For example:
• Determine HTTP & HTTPS for bring internet webpage
• Determine DHCP for bring IP address for your PC
• Also DNS, FTP, SNMP, SMTP these all are application
layer protocols
Application Layer
PRESENTATION LAYER
6. Presentation Layer
• Controls formatting of user data end to end.
• To save file format from source up to destination.
• The presentation layer ensures that the data source can
be understood by destination.
 File format example:
Photo (JPEG, PNG)
Audio (MP3, MIDI)
Video (MP4, WAV)
Document (DOCX, TXT)
Presentation Layer Operations:

Encoding Decoding
Compression Decompression
Encryption Decryption
Presentation Layer Operations:
SESSION LAYER
5. Session Layer
 Session layer is responsible to:
 Establish
 Maintain
 Terminate communication
 Between applications of two end stations (End devices)
Session Layer
TRANSPORT LAYER
4. Transport Layer
• Transport layer is responsible for end to end delivery.
• Transport layer is responsible for reliable transferring of data.
• It is used for delivering data from source up to destination:
1. TCP
2. UDP
Transport Layer
TCP UDP
• Transmission control protocol • User datagram protocol
• Connection oriented • Connection less
• Acknowledgment • No acknowledgment
• Reliable • Unreliable
• Slower • Faster
• For File transferring, Email • For voice call, video call (Live
transferring
stream)

Note: Both of these are part of TCP/ IP


TCP Functions Example
• Segmentation (Fragmentation)
• TCP sequencing and reassembling
• Error correction

Segment Missing
• Error correction
TCP Functions UDP Functions

• Segmentation (Fragmentation) • Only segmentation (Fragmentation)


• TCP sequencing and reassembling
• Error correction
• Flow control – Windowing
• Connection oriented
Transport Layer
NETWORK LAYER
3. Network Layer
• To provide end to end logical addressing.
• It has the job to tag the source IP and destination IP on
packet.
• When the Ips tagged on packet, the packet goes to router,
then router reads the destination Ip and forward it to data
link layer.
Network Layer
DATA LINK LAYER
2. Data Link Layer
• Data link layer is responsible for encapsulation data and
providing hop to hop physical address.
• It has the job to tag the source mac and destination mac
on packet.
• When the mac addresses tagged, data link layer sends
the packet to switch, switch reads the destination mac
and send it to physical layer.
Data Link Layer
PHYSICAL LAYER
1. Physical Layer
• Physical layer is responsible for data transmission.
• In this layer data from 0 and 1 will change to physical form
like: electrical signals, light or waves then transmit to
against.
• In physical layer data gets ready for transmission, if it’s
wire connection the data changes to power and if the
connection is wireless, data transmits as waves.
Summary of Layer Functions
ANY QUESTION
?

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