Ethiopian Civil

Service University

Introduction to Emerging
Technology

By Kibru Sileshi (MSc)

 Learning Outcomes
By the end of this course the students will be able to:
 Explore the evolution of technologies and the role of
data in emerging technologies.
 Learn Data Science and Big Data.
 Understand the Concept, history and types of
Artificial Intelligence.
 Comprehend the Internet of Things (IoT), its
architecture, applications, and pros and cons.
 Learning Outcomes
 Understand Augmented Reality vs. Virtual Reality vs.
Mixed Reality.
 Learn about the connection of emerging technology
with professional ethics, privacy, accountability, and
trust.
 Explore other emerging technologies.
 Contents
 Chapter 1: Introduction to Emerging Technologies
 Chapter 2: Data Science and Big Data
 Chapter 3: Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Chapter 4: Internet of Things (IoT)
 Chapter 5: Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality
 Chapter 6: Ethics and Professionalism of ET
 Chapter 7: Other Emerging Technologies
 Assessment Weight
 Test 1: -------------------------------------- 20
 Test 2: -------------------------------------- 20
 Group Assignment: --------------------- 20
 Final Exam: --------------------------------40
Total: ----------------------- 100
 Chapter One
Introduction to Emerging
Technologies
 Definition and Concepts
 Emerging Technology is used to describe a new
technology,
 It also refer to the continuing development of
existing technology,
 It refers to technologies that are currently
developing, or that are expected to be available
within the next five to ten years.
 It is expected to have a significant impact on
various fields and industries.
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Some currently available emerged technologies:
 Artificial Intelligence,
 Blockchain,
 Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality,
 Cloud Computing ,
 Internet of Things (IoT),
 Intelligent Apps (I-Apps),
 Data Science and Big Data
 Robotic Processor Automation (RPA), Etc.
 Evolution of Technology
 The evolution of technology encompasses the
development and transformation of tools,
machines, and systems that have been used by
humans to improve their quality of life, increase
productivity, and solve complex problems.
 This evolution spans from the earliest simple tools
to the advanced digital technologies of today.
 Evolution of Technology
Industrial Revolution
First Industrial Revolution (1760 – 1840)
 Steam engine: powered factories, ships, and trains
 Textile machinery: revolutionized textile
production,
 Iron and steal production: for construction and
manufacturing.
 Evolution of Technology
Second Industrial Revolution (late 19th-early 20th C.)
 Electricity: transformed industries and daily life,
 Telecommunications: invention of the telegraph,
telephone, and radio,
 Automobile and airplanes: Revolutionized
transportation.
 Evolution of Technology
20th Century and Digital Revolution
Early 20th Century
 Mass production: increased production efficiency,
 Nuclear technology: Development of nuclear
power and weapons.
 Evolution of Technology
Mid to Late 20th Century
 Computer technology: Development of the first
computers (ENIAC, UNIVAC) – which lead to
personal computers,
 Space exploration: achievements like the moon
landing in 1969.
 Evolution of Technology
Digital Revolution (1970s – present):
 Internet: Development of ARPANET, leading to the
global Internet,
 Mobile technology: from brick – sized mobile
phones to smartphones.
 Artificial Intelligence: advances in machine
learning, neural networks, and AI applications.
 Evolution of Technology
21st Century and Emerging Technologies
Early 21st Century
 Biotechnology: advances in genetic engineering,
 Renewable energy: growth in solar, wind, and
other renewable energy sources,
 Nanotechnology: manipulation of matter on an
atomic and molecular scale for various
applications
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 Evolution of Technology
Current Trends and Future Prospects:
 Quantum computing: development of computers that use
quantum bits for vastly increased processing power,
 Internet of Things (IoT): Network of interconnected devices that
communicate and share data,
 Blockchain: decentralized ledger technology for secure and
transparent transactions.
 Virtual and Augmented Reality: immersive technologies for
entertainment, education, and professional applications,
 5G Technology: Next-generation wireless technology for faster
and more reliable internet connectivity.
Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
Data plays a crucial role in the development and
advancement of emerging technologies. Its importance is
evident in several key areas:
Fueling Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
 Training Algorithms: large datasets are required to train AI
and machine learning models. The quality and quantity of
data directly impact the performance and accuracy of
these models.
Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
 Improving Accuracy: continuous data input allows for the
refinement and improvement of algorithms, making them
more accurate and efficient over time.
 Personalization: Data enables AI systems to provide
personalized experiences, whether in healthcare,
marketing, or entertainment.
Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
Enabling IoT (Internet of Things)
 Device Communication: Data is essential for the
communication between IoT devices, allowing them to
collect, analyze, and share information.
 Automation and Control: IoT systems use data to
automate processes, such as smart home devices adjusting
settings based on user behavior.
 Predictive Maintenance: In industrial IoT, data from
sensors helps predict when machinery might fail, enabling
preemptive maintenance and reducing downtime.
Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
Driving Insights and Decision - Making
 Business Intelligence: Data analytics provides business
with insights into market trends, customer behavior, and
operational efficiency.
 Data-Driven Strategies: organizations use data to inform
their strategies, from product development to marketing
campaigns, ensuring decisions are based on evidence
rather than intuition.
Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
 Real-Time Analytics: the ability to process and analyze
data in real time for immediate decision-making, which is
crucial in sectors like finance and healthcare.
Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
Advancing Healthcare and Biotech
 Personalized Medicine: Genomic data enables the
development of personalized treatment plans tailored to
an individual’s genetic makeup.
 Medical Research: Large datasets from clinical trials and
patients records accelerate medical research and the
discovery of new treatments.
 Telemedicine: Data collected from remote monitoring
devices helps doctors provide accurate diagnoses and
treatment plans from a distance.
Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
Enhancing Cybersecurity
 Threat Detection: Data from network traffic and user
behavior helps identify and mitigate potential
cybersecurity threats.
 Anomaly Detection: Advanced algorithms analyze data to
detect unusual patterns that may indicate a security
breach.
 Risk Assessment: Data-driven approaches enable
organizations to assess and manage their cybersecurity
risks more effectively.
Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
Supporting Blockchain and Decentralized Technologies
 Transparency and Trust: blockchain relies on data to create
an immutable and transparent record of transactions,
fostering trust among users.
 Smart Contracts: Data triggers and executes smart
contracts, ensuring the automated enforcement of
agreements without the need for intermediaries.
 Supply Chain Management: Data recorded on a blockchain
ensures traceability and transparency in the supply chain,
improving efficiency and reducing fraud.
Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
Powering Autonomous Systems
 Self-Driving Cars: autonomous vehicles rely on vast
amounts of data from sensors, cameras, and GPS to
navigate and make real-time decisions.
 Drones: Data enables drones to perform tasks such as
surveying, mapping, and delivering goods autonomously.
 Robotics: Industrial and service robots use data to perform
complex tasks, interact with their environment, and
improve their performance through learning.
Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
Facilitating Smart Cities
 Urban Planning: Data from various sources helps city
planners design efficient transportation systems, manage
resources, and improve public services.
 Energy Management: Smart grids use data to optimize
energy production, distribution, and consumption.
 Public Safety: Data from surveillance systems, social
media, and other sources enhances public safety through
predictive policing and emergency response coordination.
Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
Enhancing User Experiences
 Augmented and Virtual Reality: Data creates immersive
experiences by integrating real-world information into
digital environments.
 Voice Assistants: AI-powered voice assistants use data to
understand and respond to user queries more accurately.
 Recommendation Systems: Data-driven recommendation
systems personalize content and product suggestions,
improving user satisfaction and engagement.
Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
 Data is the lifeblood of emerging technologies, driving
innovation and enabling new capabilities.
 The continuous collection, analysis, and utilization of data
empower technologies to evolve, adapt, and deliver
greater value across various domains.
 As data generation and processing capabilities advance,
the potential for emerging technologies to transform
industries and society will only grow.
Enabling Devices and Network (PD)
Programmable devices and enabling networks are crucial
components in modern technology, facilitating the
automation, customization, and connectivity of various
systems.
 Programmable Devices: Programmable devices are
hardware components that can be configured or
programmed to perform specific tasks or functions based
on user inputs or software instructions.
Enabling Devices and Network (PD)
Examples
 Microcontrollers: Small, integrated circuits that include a
processor, memory, and input/output peripherals.
 Field-Programmable Gate Arrays: Integrated circuits that
can be programmed after manufacturing to perform
specific logical functions. Used in applications requiring
high-speed processing and customization, such as
telecommunications, medical devices, and military
systems.
Enabling Devices and Network (PD)
Enabling Networks
Enabling networks refer to the infrastructure and
technologies that facilitate the connectivity and
communication between devices, systems, and users. Key
components include:
 WiFi: A technology that allows devices to connect to the
internet wirelessly within a local area. Used in homes,
offices, and public spaces for internet access and local
networking.
Enabling Devices and Network (PD)
 Bluetooth: A wireless technology standard for exchanging
data over short distances. Used for connecting peripherals
like keyboards, mice, and headphones, as well as for
device-to-device communication
 5G Networks: The fifth generation of cellular network
technology, offering higher speeds, lower latency, and
grater capacity. Used for enhanced mobile broadband,
massive IoT connectivity, and critical communications.
Enabling Devices and Network (PD)
 Ethernet: A wired networking technology for local area
networks (LANs). Used in homes and offices for reliable,
high-speed internet and network connectivity.
Enabling Devices and Network (PD)
Integration and Application
Programmable devices and enabling networks work together
to create powerful and flexible systems across various
industries:
 Smart Homes: Programmable devices (e.g., smart
thermostats, lighting systems) connected via Wi-Fi
networks. Users can control and automate home
functions through mobile apps or voice assistants.
Enabling Devices and Network (PD)
 Industrial Automation: Programable Logical Controllers
(PLCs) and microcontrollers controlling machinery,
connected via Ethernet or industrial wireless networks.
Automation of manufacturing processes for increased
efficiency and precision.
 Healthcare: Medical devices with microcontrollers and
sensors, connected via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. Remote patient
monitoring and telemedicine services.
Enabling Devices and Network (PD)
 Agriculture: IoT sensors and devices connected via long
range or cellular networks. Monitoring soil moisture,
weather conditions, and crop health for precision
farming.
Enabling Devices and Network (PD)
 Programmable devices and enabling networks are
foundational to modern technology, allowing for the
creation of interconnected systems that are customizable,
efficient, and capable of real-time communication and
control.
 These technologies are integral to the advancement of
smart homes, industrial automation, healthcare,
agriculture, and many other
 Human to Machine Interaction
User Interfaces (UI)
 Graphical User Interface: Includes windows, icons, and
menus that users interact with using devices like a mouse
or touchscreen.
 Command-Line Interface: Users interact with the system
through text commands.
 Natural User Interface: Interfaces that use natural
gestures, voice, and movements, such as touchscreens and
gesture recognition systems.
 Human to Machine Interaction
Interaction Devices
 Input Devices: Keyboards, mice, touchscreens, sensors,
and voice recognition systems that allow users to input
data and commands.
 Output Devices: Displays, speakers, haptic feedback
systems, and printers that provide feedback to users.
Examples of Human to Machine Interaction
 Voice Assistants: Users interact with these systems using natural
language commands to perform tasks like setting reminders,
playing music, or controlling smart home devices.
 Human to Machine Interaction
 Touchscreens: Users interact with the system by touching icons
and buttons on the screen to open apps, browse the web, or
input data.
 Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality: Users interact with a
simulated or augmented environment using gestures, motion
controllers, or haptic feedback devices.
 Gesture Recognition Systems: Users control systems through
physical gestures, allowing for hands-free interaction in gaming,
navigation, and control of smart devices.
 Human to Machine Interaction
 Smart Wearables: Users interact with the device through touch,
gestures, and voice commands to monitor health metrics,
receive notifications, and control connected devices.
 Automative Interfaces: Drivers interact with their vehicles using
touchscreens, voice commands, and physical controls to
manage navigation, entertainment, and vehicle settings.
 Human to Machine Interaction
 Human to Machine Interaction is a dynamic field that
seeks to create seamless, intuitive, and efficient ways for
humans to interact with machines.
 Advances in technology continue to expand the
possibilities for HMI, making interactions more natural
and integrated into daily life. The ultimate goal is to
enhance the user experience by making technology more
accessible, responsive, and adaptable to individual needs.
Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
 The future of emerging technologies is marked by rapid
advancements and innovations that are set to transform
various aspects of our lives, industries, and societies.
 Here are some key trends in emerging technologies that
are expected to shape the future:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML)
 AI and ML are becoming more sophisticated, with
improvements in natural language processing, computer
vision, and predictive analytics.
Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
 Enhanced automation, personalized services, smart
assistants, and advanced data analysis in sectors like
healthcare, finance, and education.
Internet of Things (IoT)
 Increased connectivity and integration of devices,
improved sensors, and more robust IoT platforms.
Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
5G Technology
 Wider deployment and adoption of 5G networks, providing
faster and more reliable internet connectivity.
 Enhanced mobile broadband, real-time remote control of
machines, and massive IoT deployments.
Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology
 Improved scalability, interoperability, and energy
efficiency of blockchain networks.
 Secure and transparent supply chains, decentralized finance
(DeFi), digital identity management, and smart contracts.
Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
Quantum Computing
 Improved hardware and software for virtual reality (VR),
augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR).
 Immersive gaming, virtual training and education, remote
work, and enhanced consumer experiences.
Biotechnology and Genomics
 Advances in gene editing, personalized medicine, and
synthetic biology. Disease prevention and treatment,
agricultural enhancements, and bio-manufacturing.
Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
Renewable Energy and Sustainability Technologies
 Improvements in solar, wind, and energy storage
technologies, and the development of smart grids.
 Sustainable energy production, energy-efficient buildings,
and electric transportation.
Robotics and Automation
 Enhanced robotics capabilities, collaborative robots
(cobots), and advanced automation systems.
 Manufacturing, logistics, healthcare, and domestic chores.
Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
Cybersecurity
 Improved threat detection and response systems, zero-
trust security models, and advanced encryption
techniques.
 Protecting critical infrastructure, securing personal data,
and defending against cyber-attacks.
Space Exploration and Technology
 Developments in spacecraft, satellite technology, and
space travel capabilities. Space tourism, satellite-based
internet, and planetary exploration.
11/28/2024Space tourism,
satellite-based internet, and
Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
 The future trends in emerging technologies indicate a
move towards more interconnected, intelligent, and
sustainable systems.
 These technologies are expected to not only enhance
individual industries but also create synergies across
multiple domains, driving significant socio-economic
changes.
 The continuous evolution of these technologies will shape
the way we live, work, and interact with the world around
us. tourism,
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satellite-based internet, and
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