GLOBALIZATION
(HISTORICAL POV)
GLOBALZIATION
What is Globalization?
Globalization is the increased interconnectedness and
independence among coutries and economies
worldwide. Its driven by advances in communication,
technology, transportation etc.
GLOBALIZATION FROM HISTORICAL POINT
OF VIEW:
Globalization have evolved over centuries, to explain globalization from a
historical point of view its easier if we divide it into 5 different periods of time
as each period of time had their own unique changes and developments.
Its are mainly divided into 5 parts:
1) Ancient and Medieval Period
2) Age Of Exploration
3) Industrial Revolution
4) Global Wars and International Institutions
5) The Digital and Financial Era
ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL PERIOD
(BEFORE 1500S)
Trade routes: Ancient trade routes like the Silk Road and
Indian Ocean trade network facilitated the movement of
goods, people, and ideas. These routes were crucial for
early globalization, fostering cross-cultural exchanges,
such as spread of religions.
Empires and Conquests: Expansion of empires connected
distant regions, establishing networks and cultural
exchanges across continents. These empires acted as
early globalization forces by integrating culture and
economies under their rule.
AGE OF EXPLORATION (15TH-18TH CENTURY)
BIRTH OF GLOBAL TRADE
European Exploration and Colonialism: Age of
Exploration marked a turning with European Powers such
as Britain, Portugal, France, Spain seeking new trade routes
to Asia and the America. This led to the discovery of new
lands, colonial conquests and establishment of global trade
networks often at the expense of the indigenous people.
Columbian Exchange: The transatlantic exchange of
crops, animals and people between Europe, Africa and
America drastically reshaped societies and economies.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (19TH CENTURY)
ACCELERATION OF GLOBAL
CONNECTIVITY
Technological Innovations: The revolution introduced
Steamships, railroads and telegraphs, revolutionizing
transport and communication. This reduced distances
and increased trade.
Colonial Expansion and Global Markets: European
powers expanded their colonies and exploited resources
from Asia and Africa. This period saw creation of global
supply chains, linking raw materials from colonies with
manufacturing centers in Europe.
20TH CENTURY: GLOBAL WARS AND
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
World Wars: World wars disrupted global trade but also
led to significant improvements. After WWII we saw the
establishment of international institutions like IN, IMF,
World Bank etc.
Cold War Dynamics: The ideological battle between
capitalism and communism influenced global alliances
and also indirectly promoted economic and
technological globalization through competition.
LATE 20TH CENTURY TO PRESENT:
DIGITAL AND FINANCIAL ERA
1) End of cold war in late 20th century opened up new markets,
encouraged economy and increased spread of globalization
2) Rise of computers, internets, mobile transformed
communication, commerce, culture, creating a interconnected
world.
3) Establishment of World Trade Organization and other trade
agreements facilitated global trade by reducing tariffs and
standardized regulations.
4) Growth of international companies, global markets, international
investments connected economies leading to economic growth.
CONCLUSION
Globalization is not a new phenomenon but an evolving process influenced by
historical events, technological advances, and human movement. From ancient
trade routes to the digital age, it has created both opportunities and
challenges. Understanding globalization historically allows us to see it as a
long-term development rather than a recent trend, highlighting its deep roots
in human history.
