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Probability Distribution

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13 views

Probability Distribution

dgdgdg

Uploaded by

2kawserahmed7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROBABILITY

DISTRIBUTION
Tanjid Hasan Shuvo
ID : 0242220005101673

Md Shanto islam Md. Shakib Hossen


ID : 0242220005101687 ID:024222000510163
3

Name: Md. Kawser MD Foyej Ahammad Fahim


Ahmed ID: 0242220005101484
ID: 0242220005101173
Random Variable

A random variable is a numerical


quantity that can take on different
values based on the outcome of a
random experiment or process. It is a
fundamental concept in probability and
statistics, as it allows us to model and
analyze the uncertainty inherent in
various real-world phenomena.
Probability Distribution

◦ A probability distribution is a mathematical function that describes the


possible values a random variable can take and the likelihood or probability
of each value occurring. It provides a complete description of the behaviour
of a random variable, allowing for the calculation of various statistical
measures, such as the expected value and variance.
Types of Probability Distribution
Discrete Distributions Continuous Distributions

Discrete probability
distributions describe the Describe the behaviour of
behavior of random variables random variables that can
that can only take on a finite or take on any value within a
countable number of values. certain range. A common
Ex: No. of heads in two tosses. example of a continuous
There are two type of Discrete probability distribution is the
Distributions Normal distribution.
 Binomial Distribution Ex: Height of students in the
 Poisson Distribution class.
Binomial Distribution
Example: A fair coin is tossed 5 times. Find the probability of (a) exactly two heads, (b) at least 4
heads,(c) at most 2 heard,(d)no heads, e) Find the mean and variance of that distribution.

Solution: p+q=1 so,probability of success p = ½


probability of failur q = 1/2
Number of trial n=5
Poisson Distribution
Example: Suppose that the number of emergency

poisson variable with parameter 𝜆 =20. What is the


patients in a given day at a certain hospital is a

probability that in a given day there will be


a.15 emergency patients
b.At least 3 emergency patients
c.More than 20 but less than 25 patients.
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

◦ IT IS A CONTINUOUS PD I.E. RANDOM VARIABLE CAN TAKE ON ANY VALUE WITHIN A


GIVEN RANGE. EX: HEIGHT, WEIGHT, MARKS ETC.

◦ DEVELOPED BY EIGHTEENTH CENTURY MATHEMATICIAN – ASTRONOMER KARL


GAUSS, SO ALSO CALLED GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION.
◦ IT IS SYMMETRICAL, UNIMODAL .
◦ SINCE IT IS SYMMETRICAL, ITS MEAN, MEDIAN AND MODE ALL COINCIDES ARE
SAME.
◦ THE TAILS ARE ASYMPTOTIC TO HORIZONTAL AXIS I.E. CURVE GOES TO INFINITY
WITHOUT TOUCHING HORIZONTAL AXIS.
◦ X axis represents random variable like height, weight etc.
◦ Y axis represents its probability density function.
◦ Area under the curve tells the probability.
◦ The total area under the curve is 1 (or 100%)

◦ Only two parameters are considered: Mean & Standard Deviation


◦ Mean = µ, SD = σ
Question & Answer
A probability distribution provides a comprehensive summary of the likelihood of various
outcomes within a random experiment or process. It is a foundational concept in statistics
and probability theory, serving as a crucial tool for understanding and predicting patterns in
data. Probability distributions can be discrete, representing specific outcomes, or continuous,
depicting outcomes over a range. Key measures such as the mean, variance, and standard
deviation derive from these distributions, enabling detailed insights into the behavior of
random variables. Mastery of probability distributions is essential for fields ranging from
finance and engineering to social sciences and artificial intelligence, as it facilitates rigorous
analysis and informed decision-making under uncertainty.

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