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Parallel Structure

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Parallel Structure

Uploaded by

lalalalalalal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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English 8

Parallel
Structure in
Writing
Enhancing Clarity and Variety in
Writing
Lesson Targets
a. understand the concept of Parallel
Structure and identify parallel
structures in sentences; and
b. apply parallel structure in writing to
enhance clarity and flow.
Parallel Structure
Parallel structure means using the same
grammatical form for similar or equal ideas
in a sentence. This helps to make your
writing or speaking clear, coherent, and
balanced. For example, if you have a list of
items in a sentence, you should use the
same form for each item.
Parallel Structure
Parallel structure creates balance, rhythm,
and clarity in writing and speaking. When
employing parallel structure, the parts of a
sentence that have the same grammatical
function should be presented in a
consistent and parallel manner.
Parallelism in Verb
• She studies hard,Phrases:
practices regularly,
and improves quickly.
(All verbs are in the present tense and simple
form.)
• Her grandma has visited Paris, has
seen the Eiffel Tower, and has
enjoyed
(All verbs arethe French
in the presentcuisine.
perfect tense and
have “has” as an auxiliary verb.)
Parallelism in Verb
• The campers were Phrases:
singing,
and laughing all night.
dancing,

(All verbs are in the past continuous tense and


have “ing” as a suffix.)

• To become a good writer, you need to


read a lot, write every day, and revise
your
(All work.
verbs are in the infinitive form with “to”.)
Parallelism in Noun
Phrases:
• He likes books, movies, and music.
(All nouns are singular and common.)
• She is a teacher, a writer, and a
mother.
(All nouns are singular and preceded by an
article.)
• They are my friends, my colleagues, and
mynouns
(All mentors.
are plural and modified by the same
possessive pronoun.)
• He is the one who stole the money, who
lied to the police, and who escaped from
prison.
(All pronouns are relative and followed by a verb.)
Parallelism in Adjective
Phrases:
• She is more intelligent, more creative,
and more successful than her peers.
(All adjectives are comparative and have “more” as
a modifier.)
• They are the most loyal, the most
reliable, and the most trustworthy
friends
(All youarecan
adjectives have.and have “the most”
superlative
as a modifier.)
Parallelism in Adverbial
Phrases:
• He works hard, fast, and well.
(All verbs are in the present tense and simple
form.)
• She speaks slowly, softly, and
sweetly.
(All adverbs end with “ly” and modify the verb
“speaks”.)
• They arrived before noon, after lunch,
and before dinner.
(All phrases start with a preposition and modify the
verb “arrived”.)
Your
Turn!
Following the examples given
in writing parallel structure
using adverbial phrases,
construct sentences that follow
the correct parallel structure
using adverbial phrases.
Non-parallel Structure
Non-parallel structure means using different grammatical forms for similar or equal
ideas in a sentence. This can make your writing or speaking confusing,
inconsistent, and awkward.
• She likes to read, writing, and paints.
(The items are a verb phrase, a gerund, and a
verb.)
• He is smart, has a good sense of
humor,
(The items and
are ankind.
adjective, a noun phrase,
and an adjective.)
• To succeed in life, you need to work hard,
honesty, and courageous.
(The items are a verb phrase, a noun, and an
adjective.)
English 8

Thank you for


listening!
Resource Page

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