Enterprise System

Enterprise System
2.1 Role of enterprise system in organization
2.2 Execute the process
2 3 capture and store process data
2 4 Stand-alone mainframe systems
2 5 client server architecture
2 6 Service Oriented Architecture
2 .7 types of enterprise system
2.8 types of enterprise (transactional data, master data, organizational data)
2.9 SAP OVERVIEW
2.10 sap software
 Role of enterprise system in organization

An Enterprise System (ES) refers to a large-scale software platform designed to

integrate and manage an organization’s core business processes, resources, and
data across all departments. It acts as a centralized system that connects
various functions like finance, human resources, supply chain, production,
customer relationship management, and more, facilitating seamless
communication and coordination.
• Key Features of an Enterprise System:
• Integration: Links diverse business processes across the organization into a
unified system.
• Centralized Data Management: Provides a single source of truth for
organizational data.
• Automation: Reduces manual tasks and enhances efficiency by automating
routine processes.
• Scalability: Designed to support the growing needs of large organizations.
 Examples of Enterprise Systems:
• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): Manages
internal processes like finance, procurement,
and inventory.
• Customer Relationship Management (CRM):
Focuses on managing and analyzing customer
interactions.
• Supply Chain Management (SCM): Streamlines
operations related to suppliers and logistics.
 Role of enterprise system
• An Enterprise System (ES) plays a critical role in the functioning and growth of an
organization by integrating core business processes and facilitating efficient
decision-making. Below are some key roles enterprise systems perform within
organizations:
1. Integration of Business Processes
• Enterprise systems integrate various functions like finance, human resources, supply
chain, and customer relations into a unified system, ensuring seamless data flow
and minimizing silos. This improves collaboration and process efficiency.
2. Real-time Data Availability
• By providing real-time access to critical business data, enterprise systems enable
faster and more informed decision-making. This is crucial in dynamic industries
where rapid response to changes can be a competitive advantage.
3. Enhanced Productivity
• Automation of repetitive tasks, such as payroll, inventory management, and order
processing, reduces manual errors and saves time, allowing employees to focus on
strategic activities.
 4. Cost Efficiency
• By streamlining operations and reducing redundancies, enterprise systems contribute to
cost savings. For example:
• Optimizing inventory levels prevents overstocking or stockouts.
• Efficient supply chain management reduces logistics costs.
5. Improved Customer Service
• With centralized data on customer interactions, enterprise systems help in delivering
personalized services and timely responses, enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty.
6. Scalability and Flexibility
• Enterprise systems can be scaled to meet the needs of a growing organization. They also
adapt to industry-specific requirements, making them versatile for different business
models.
7. Compliance and Risk Management
• Many enterprise systems include features to ensure compliance with regulatory
requirements. They also help in identifying and mitigating risks by providing tools for
auditing and monitoring business activities.
 8. Support for Strategic Planning
• Through advanced reporting and analytics,
enterprise systems provide insights into
performance metrics, helping organizations
set and track strategic goals.
 Execute the process

• Executing the process of an enterprise system

implementation is a dynamic, multi-step
journey that requires thorough planning,
collaboration, and monitoring.
1) Assess Business Needs
• Identify current challenges, inefficiencies, and goals by
analyzing workflows and engaging stakeholders to define
system requirements.
• 2. Choose the Right Enterprise System
• Research, compare, and select a system based on features,
cost, scalability, and vendor reliability. Conduct trials or
demos to ensure a good fit.
• 3. Plan Implementation
• Develop a structured roadmap with clear phases, allocate
resources, form a project team, and define success metrics.
• 4. System Configuration
• Customize the system to align with business processes, migrate
and clean data, and integrate it with existing tools.
• 5. Training and Testing
• Train employees on system usage, create support materials, and
perform rigorous testing to resolve issues before deployment.
• 6. Go Live
• Launch the system in phases, monitor performance using KPIs,
and provide user support to ensure smooth adoption.
• 7. Continuous Improvement
• Gather feedback, update the system regularly, and optimize its
performance to meet evolving business needs.
 Capture and Store Process Data

the "Capture and Store Process Data" refers to the

collection and preservation of data related to
processes in a system, typically for the purpose of
monitoring, analysis, or further decision-making.
This can apply to a wide range of contexts, such as
manufacturing, business operations, IT systems, or
scientific research. The data typically includes various
variables, metrics, and parameters that reflect the
current status, performance, and conditions of the
process being tracked.
• For example a manufacturing plant, data from
sensors monitoring machine temperature,
pressure, and speed could be captured in real-
time. This data is then stored in a central
database, where it can be used to monitor
machine health, predict failures, or optimize
production schedules.
• This process is vital for ensuring that data is
available when needed for analysis, decision-
making, and improving overall process efficiency.
.
• Steps:
• Data Capture: Collect data via manual input, automated
systems (e.g., sensors, barcodes), or real-time processes.
• Validation: Check data for accuracy and completeness using
predefined rules.
• Storage: Save data in centralized databases or cloud systems,
ensuring security and accessibility.
• Integration: Synchronize data across systems (e.g., ERP, CRM)
for seamless flow.
• Access: Provide tools for retrieval, reporting, and analysis to
support decision-making.
Benefits: Ensures accuracy, enables real-time insights, and
supports efficient operations while safeguarding data integrity.
 Stand-alone mainframe system
• A stand-alone mainframe system refers to a large, powerful computing
system designed to handle and process significant volumes of data and
transactions, typically used in enterprise-level environments. Unlike
distributed or cloud-based systems, a stand-alone mainframe operates as a
self-contained unit without relying on external systems or networks for its
core functionality. Here’s a deeper look at stand-alone mainframe systems:
• Key Characteristics:
• Centralized Processing:
– The mainframe handles all processing tasks independently, without relying on other
systems or servers. It is designed to manage multiple tasks, applications, and transactions
simultaneously, making it ideal for mission-critical business functions.
• High Reliability:
– Mainframes are built for high availability and reliability. These systems are known for their
ability to run 24/7 with minimal downtime, which is crucial for industries like banking,
insurance, and government operations where continuous data processing is essential.
• Massive Data Storage and Throughput:
– Mainframes are capable of processing huge amounts of data quickly, handling
thousands of transactions per second. They can store vast amounts of data in
high-performance storage systems and support complex databases.
• Legacy Systems:
– Stand-alone mainframes are often associated with legacy systems, where
older applications and processes are still running on the mainframe
architecture. These systems can be highly customized and optimized for
specific tasks.
• Limited External Interaction:
– A stand-alone mainframe system typically operates independently, which
means it doesn’t interact with other systems over a network or in a distributed
environment. This is different from cloud-based or distributed systems that
rely on external servers for computation and storage.
• System Configuration and Maintenance:
– Stand-alone mainframes require careful configuration and ongoing
maintenance. These systems often have their own dedicated hardware,
operating systems (such as IBM’s z/OS), and specialized applications.
 Common Uses:
• Large Enterprises: Stand-alone mainframe systems are widely used in large-scale
enterprises that require high-volume transaction processing, like banks, insurance
companies, and government agencies.
• Batch Processing: Mainframes are often used for batch processing tasks such as
payroll, financial transactions, and inventory management.
• Mission-Critical Applications: Systems that require continuous, non-stop
performance, such as air traffic control, healthcare records, and utility
management.

Examples of Stand-alone Mainframe Systems:

• IBM Z-Series: One of the most well-known stand-alone mainframe systems,
offering extremely high processing power, massive storage capabilities, and a
robust operating environment.
• Unisys ClearPath: Another example of a mainframe system that is used for
handling large-scale transaction processing and complex enterprise workloads.
 Advantages:
• Performance: The mainframe is able to handle immense workloads with minimal delays,
processing large quantities of data efficiently.
• Security: Mainframe systems are known for their strong security measures, offering
encryption, access control, and audit capabilities to safeguard sensitive data.
• Scalability: Despite being stand-alone, mainframes can scale up to handle increasing loads
through hardware upgrades or software optimization.
Disadvantages:
• Cost: Mainframe systems are expensive to purchase, maintain, and operate, making them
suitable only for large organizations with specific needs.
• Complexity: Managing a stand-alone mainframe system can be complex and often requires
specialized skills, which can lead to challenges in staffing and training.
• Integration Issues: Since stand-alone mainframes are typically isolated, integrating them with
newer technologies or distributed systems can be difficult.
• In summary, stand-alone mainframe systems are powerful, reliable, and designed for high-
volume processing. They are still in use today in specific industries where the performance,
security, and availability requirements outweigh the limitations of more modern, distributed
computing systems.
 What is client-server architecture?

• The notion of client-server architecture can be

understood by the analogy of ordering a pizza for
delivery. You call the store to order a pizza and
someone picks up the call, takes your order, and
then delivers it. Simple, right? Yes, this analogy
pretty much answers the fundamental principle of
client-server architecture.
• Simply put, two factors are involved :
• A server is the one who provides requested
services.
• client-server architecture, architecture of a computer network
in which many clients (remote processors) request and
receive service from a centralized server (host computer).
• Client computers provide an interface to allow a computer
user to request services of the server and to display the
results the server returns. Servers wait for requests to arrive
from clients and then respond to them. Ideally, a server
provides a standardized transparent interface to clients so
that clients need not be aware of the specifics of the system
(i.e., the hardware and software) that is providing the service.
Clients are often situated at workstations or on personal
computers, while servers are located elsewhere on the
network, usually on more powerful machines.
• This computing model is especially effective when clients and the
server each have distinct tasks that they routinely perform. In hospital
data processing, for example, a client computer can be running an
application program for entering patient information while the server
computer is running another program that manages the database in
which the information is permanently stored. Many clients can access
the server’s information simultaneously, and, at the same time, a
client computer can perform other tasks, such as sending e-mail.
Because both client and server computers are considered
independent devices, the client-server model is completely different
from the old mainframe model, in which a centralized mainframe
computer performed all the tasks for its associated “dumb” terminals,
which merely communicated with the central mainframe.
Advantages Disadvantages

The centralized network has complete If the primary server goes down, the entire
leverage to control the processes and architecture is disrupted.
activities.

All devices in the network can be controlled It is expensive to operate because of the
centrally. cost of heavy hardware and software tools.

Users have the authority to access any file, This architecture requires particular OSs
residing in the central storage, at any time. related to networking.

It provides a good user interface, easy file Too many users at once can cause the
finding procedure, and management problem of traffic congestion.
system for organizing files.

Easy sharing of resources across various It requires highly technical stuff, such as
platforms is possible. server machines, for maintenance of the
network.
 Service Oriented Architecture

• Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a stage in the evolution of application

development and/or integration. It defines a way to make software components
reusable using the interfaces.
• Formally, SOA is an architectural approach in which applications make use of
services available in the network. In this architecture, services are provided to form
applications, through a network call over the internet. It uses common
communication standards to speed up and streamline the service integrations in
applications. Each service in SOA is a complete business function in itself. The
services are published in such a way that it makes it easy for the developers to
assemble their apps using those services. Note that SOA is different from
microservice architecture.
• SOA allows users to combine a large number of facilities from existing services to
form applications.
• SOA encompasses a set of design principles that structure system development
and provide means for integrating components into a coherent and decentralized
system.
• SOA-based computing packages functionalities into a set of interoperable services,
which can be integrated into different software systems belonging to separate
business domains.
• In the early 2000s, companies began to Web-enable their three-
tier applications so that users could access the systems through a
Web browser. During these years companies also benefited from
new technologies that could help link, or integrate, many
different client-server systems together in new and very valuable
ways. These new technologies are collectively labeled service-
oriented architecture, or SOA. By using Web services, companies
could now integrate several client-server applications and create
an enterprise mashup, or composite applications. Composite
applications and mashups rely on Web services to send and
receive data between and among ES. In addition, they execute
newer and more specific processes than are found in the
standard ES.
• The different characteristics of SOA are as follows :
o Provides interoperability between the services.
o Provides methods for service encapsulation, service discovery,
service composition,
service reusability and service integration.
o Facilitates QoS (Quality of Services) through service contract based
on Service Level
Agreement (SLA).
o Provides loosely couples services.
o Provides location transparency with better scalability and
availability.
o Ease of maintenance with reduced cost of application development
and
deployment.
• There are two major roles within Service-oriented
Architecture:
• Service provider: The service provider is the maintainer of
the service and the organization that makes available one
or more services for others to use. To advertise services,
the provider can publish them in a registry, together with a
service contract that specifies the nature of the service,
how to use it, the requirements for the service, and the
fees charged.
• Service consumer: The service consumer can locate the
service metadata in the registry and develop the required
client components to bind and use the service.
 Types of enterprise system
Enterprise systems are large-scale software applications designed to support and automate the core
processes of an organization. They enable data integration and streamline workflows across various
departments. The main types of enterprise systems include:

1. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

• Purpose: Integrates core business processes like finance, human resources, manufacturing, supply chain,
and procurement.
• Examples: SAP ERP, Oracle ERP Cloud, Microsoft Dynamics 365.

2. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

• Purpose: Manages interactions with customers, streamlines sales, and enhances customer service.
• Functions:
– Lead tracking
– Marketing automation
– Customer support
• Examples: Salesforce, HubSpot CRM, Zoho CRM.

3. Supply Chain Management (SCM)

• Purpose: Optimizes supply chain processes, including inventory, production, and distribution.
• Functions:
– Demand forecasting
– Logistics and warehouse management
– Supplier collaboration
•
• 4. Human Resource Management System (HRMS)
• Purpose: Manages employee data, recruitment, payroll, and performance management.
• Functions:
– Employee records management
– Payroll processing
– Benefits administration
• Examples: Workday, BambooHR, ADP.

5. Business Intelligence (BI) and Analytics Systems

• Purpose: Supports data analysis and decision-making through reporting, dashboards, and
predictive analytics.
• Functions:
– Data visualization
– Predictive analytics
– Real-time reporting
• Examples: Tableau, Power BI, Qlik.

6. Knowledge Management Systems (KMS)

• Purpose: Facilitates the organization, storage, and retrieval of knowledge to enhance
decision-making.
• Functions:
– Document management
– Collaboration tools
– Knowledge sharing platforms
• .
7. Enterprise Asset Management (EAM)
• Purpose: Manages physical assets, ensuring optimal performance
and lifespan.
• Functions:
– Maintenance scheduling
– Asset tracking
– Resource optimization
• Examples: IBM Maximo, Infor EAM.
8. Content Management System (CMS)
• Purpose: Manages and organizes digital content for websites or
intranets.
• Functions:
– Content publishing
– Digital asset management
• Examples: WordPress, Joomla, Drupal.
 9. Project Management Systems
• Purpose: Helps in planning, executing, and tracking project progress and
resources.
• Functions:
– Task management
– Team collaboration
– Resource allocation
• Examples: Jira, Trello, Microsoft Project.
10. Financial Management Systems (FMS)
• Purpose: Handles accounting, budgeting, and financial transactions.
• Functions:
– General ledger
– Accounts payable/receivable
– Budget management
• Examples: QuickBooks, Sage Intacct, Oracle Financials.
• Each of these systems can be customized or integrated based on an organization's
specific needs, enabling better coordination and operational efficiency.
Types of DATA ON ENTERPRISE SYSTEM
• In an enterprise, data is categorized into several types, each serving a specific
purpose to support business operations. Here's a breakdown of the three types of
data you mentioned:
• Transactional Data:
– Definition: Transactional data refers to the data generated from the day-to-day operations of
a business. It is the data created or modified during business transactions such as sales,
purchases, payments, and deliveries.
– Examples:
• Sales order details (quantity, price, customer information)
• Purchase transactions (vendor details, items bought, price)
• Invoice data
• Payment history
– Characteristics:
• Time-sensitive
• High volume, short lifespan
• Typically processed and stored in transactional databases
• Changes over time with business activities
– Purpose: Helps track and record the business activities and transactions.
• Master Data:
– Definition: Master data is the core data that defines key business entities. This
data remains relatively stable over time and is used across various processes and
systems within the enterprise.
– Examples:
• Customer information (name, address, contact details)
• Product data (product name, category, description)
• Vendor details
• Employee data (name, position, department)
– Characteristics:
• Centralized and consistent across systems
• Changes infrequently
• Serves as a reference point for transactional data
– Purpose: Ensures uniformity and consistency of key business information across
multiple departments and systems.
• Master data describe the key entities associated
with an organization. Typical entities are customers,
vendors, products, and employees. Master data for
customers and vendors include name, address,
contact person, and a variety of negotiated terms
such as billing and payment methods.
• For products, master data include product number,
description, physical characteristics such as weight
and color, handling requirements (e.g., fragile), and
typical storage location. Employee master data
include name, address, position data, payroll data,
tax-related data, and benefits data
• Organizational Data:
– Definition: Organizational data refers to the structure and hierarchy of the
enterprise, defining how the company is organized and operates. It is used to
manage business processes, reporting, and operations.
– Examples:
• Company divisions, departments, or business units
• Locations, plants, and warehouses
• Organizational structure (e.g., reporting relationships, roles)
• Legal entities (subsidiaries, parent company)
– Characteristics:
• Defines the framework within which business processes and transactions occur
• Relatively stable but may change with organizational restructuring
• Provides the context for transactional data
– Purpose: Enables efficient management of operations and alignment with
business processes.
In summary:
• Transactional data supports day-to-day
business activities.
• Master data serves as a consistent reference
for important business entities.
• Organizational data defines the structure of
the enterprise, helping to manage and
streamline business operations.
 Sap overview
• SAP (Systems, Applications, and Products) is a
leading enterprise resource planning (ERP)
software platform developed by the German
company SAP SE. It is designed to streamline
business processes, providing an integrated
approach for managing data and operations
across various departments within an
organization. SAP is widely used across
industries, offering scalable solutions for
companies of all sizes.
• Over the course of more than three decades, SAP has evolved
from a small, regional enterprise into a world-class
international company.
• In 2008, SAP was the global market leader in ES solutions.
Given SAP’s enormous global customer base, it is highly likely
that at some point during your career you will work in a
company that runs SAP software. Because SAP is a German
corporation, all its financial statements are denominated in
euros, the currency used by the majority of the European
Union member nations. In 1972, five former IBM employees
launched a company called Systems Applications and Products
in Data Processing in Mannheim, Germany
• Sap is the acronym for the original name of the company,
and each letter is pronounced individually, just like IBM or
ABC. Their vision was to develop standard application
software for real-time business processing. After a year of
development, they introduced their first financial
accounting software, which formed the basis for what later
came to be known as the ‘‘R/1 system.’’ ‘‘R’’ stood for real-
time data processing. R/1 was an ES based on the IBM
mainframe architecture. Users utilized punch cards to
execute transactions in the system. By the end of the 1970s,
SAP had expanded the capabilities of R/1 significantly. In
addition, the company introduced a new, more powerful
product called SAP R/2, which could take advantage of the
first text-only video terminals for user inputs
 Key Features of SAP:
• Integrated Modules: SAP software is modular, meaning businesses
can use only the modules they need. Common modules include:
– SAP FI (Financial Accounting): Manages financial transactions.
– SAP CO (Controlling): Tracks costs and profits.
– SAP MM (Materials Management): Manages procurement and inventory.
– SAP SD (Sales and Distribution): Handles sales processes and customer
distribution.
– SAP HCM (Human Capital Management): Manages HR activities.
– SAP PP (Production Planning): Helps in manufacturing and production
scheduling.
– SAP CRM (Customer Relationship Management): Improves customer
interactions and relationship management.
– SAP SCM (Supply Chain Management): Enhances supply chain operat
• Real-Time Data Processing: SAP facilitates real-time data access, ensuring quick decision-
making based on current information.
• Customization and Flexibility: Businesses can customize SAP modules to meet their specific
needs.
• Scalability: SAP systems can handle operations for small, medium, and large enterprises,
making it suitable for growing businesses.
• Cloud and On-Premise Solutions: SAP offers both cloud-based and on-premise solutions to
suit different business preferences.
• Advanced Technologies: Integration with Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML),
and the Internet of Things (IoT) enhances automation and predictive analytics.

Popular SAP Solutions:

• SAP S/4HANA: The next-generation ERP system, optimized for SAP HANA database, offering
faster analytics and simplified processes.
• SAP Business One: Designed for small and medium-sized businesses.
• SAP SuccessFactors: Cloud-based solution for HR and talent management.
• SAP Ariba: Platform for procurement and supply chain collaboration.
• SAP Concur: Expense and travel management solution.
• Industries Using SAP:
• Manufacturing
• Retail
• Healthcare
• Banking and Finance
• Logistics
• Utilities
Sap sofware
• SAP Software (Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing) is an enterprise resource planning
(ERP) solution widely used by organizations to manage business operations and customer relations. SAP
provides integrated modules tailored for various industries, enabling seamless coordination across different
business functions.
• Key Features of SAP Software:
• Integrated Business Solutions:
– Combines core business functions like finance, HR, sales, supply chain, production, and logistics into one platform.
– Ensures real-time data sharing and collaboration.
• Scalability and Customization:
– Suitable for businesses of all sizes, from small enterprises to large corporations.
– Customizable to meet specific industry requirements.
• Real-Time Analytics:
– Offers tools like SAP HANA for in-memory processing, enabling faster data analysis and reporting.
• Automation and Efficiency:
– Streamlines routine tasks and workflows, improving operational efficiency.
– Reduces manual errors and increases productivity.
• Cloud and On-Premises Solutions:
– Provides flexibility with deployment options: on-premises, cloud-based, or hybrid.
• Global Compliance:
– Ensures adherence to international regulatory standards in areas like accounting and taxation.
 Core SAP Modules:
• SAP FI (Financial Accounting): Manages financial transactions, reporting, and
analysis.
• SAP CO (Controlling): Focuses on cost management and profitability analysis.
• SAP SD (Sales and Distribution): Handles order-to-delivery processes, including
sales, pricing, and billing.
• SAP MM (Materials Management): Manages procurement, inventory, and supply
chain processes.
• SAP PP (Production Planning): Assists in manufacturing and production planning.
• SAP HR (Human Resources): Covers employee management, payroll, and
recruitment.
• SAP CRM (Customer Relationship Management): Enhances customer engagement
and relationship management.
• SAP SCM (Supply Chain Management): Optimizes logistics and supply chain
operations.
 Benefits of Using SAP:
• Centralized System: Eliminates silos by integrating business processes.
• Improved Decision-Making: Real-time data empowers better strategic
decisions.
• Cost Savings: Reduces inefficiencies and optimizes resource utilization.
• Enhanced Compliance: Simplifies adherence to legal and regulatory
requirements.
• Industries Using SAP:
• SAP serves various industries, including manufacturing, retail, healthcare,
automotive, telecommunications, and finance. It is particularly valuable
for large organizations with complex operational needs.
• Do you have a specific aspect of SAP you want to explore, such as
implementation, training, or specific modules?