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Chapter 1
Key concepts and distinctions in
ethics Business Business ethics is the study of both business as organisations as well as business as an activity. There are three dimensions of business ethics: 1. Economic ethics 2. Corporate responsibility 3. Organisational ethics Ethics Ethics is about with what is good or right in human interaction. It revolves around three central concepts: 1. Self 2. Good 3. Other Business ethics • When ethics is applied to business we consider the impact that business organisations and business activity have on the interests of all who are affected by it. • Business ethics is about identifying and implementing standards of conduct in and for business that will ensure that the interests of its stakeholders are respected. Right, wrong and dilemmas • There are certain behaviours that are considered ethically right, such as respect for the dignity of employees and for company property. • On the other hand, discrimination against employees and theft of company property is considered wrong. • The nature of moral dilemmas is that they force one to choose between two or more options that are all to some extent wrong. Ethics and the law • Both ethics and the law strive towards determining what is acceptable and responsible in human interaction and society. • The law does so through a public and political process and employs the power of the state to ensure that all abide by the stipulations of the law. • Ethics emanates from personal or societal values; the sense of ethical obligation to do what is right is based on internal convictions rather than on external coercion as in the case of the law. Although ethical and legal behaviour often coincide, they also sometimes differ. Ethics and values • Values can be defined as relatively stable convictions about what is desirable. • Three different kinds of values can be distinguished within business organisations: 1. Strategic values 2. Work values 3. Ethical values Integrity • A person is regarded as having integrity when he or she consistently adheres to a set of ethical standards. For this reason, integrity is often associated with concepts like fairness, consistency, uprightness and wholeness. • Organisations with ethical integrity have a reputation for adhering to a set of ethical values and this inspires trust and confidence amongst stakeholders. Personal and organisational ethics
• Individuals can affect the ethical culture of the
organisation they work for. But the opposite can also happen. The organisation can have either a constructive or a corruptive influence on the moral character of the people that work there. Personal and organisational ethics • Organisations are not isolated from the broader society and social norms within which they operate. Society can corrupt or conserve business organisations, but business can also contribute towards corrupting or improving the moral fibre of society.