CS100 ARTS & DESIGN

Introduction to Information Technology

Chapter 03: Computer Graphics

©2023/2024 1
 CS100 ARTS & DESIGN

©2023/2024

Textbook:
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Version 1.2, January 2018
David J. Eck
Hobart and William Smith Colleges

Chapter 03: Computer Graphics

©2023/2024 2
 Computer Graphics

Students Learning Objectives

 Illustrating What is the Computer Graphics

 Demonstrating types of Computer Graphics
 Explain applications of Computer Graphics
 Listing Graphics Packages or Software Standards
 Identifying Mobile Film making

©2023/2024 3
Computer Graphics

q Graphics:
§ Graphics are visual
presentations on a
surface, such as a
computer screen.

§ Examples:
photographs, drawing,
graphics designs, maps,
engineering drawings,
or other images.

©2023/2024 4
 Computer Graphics
 What is Computer Graphics?
 Pixel is the smallest element of picture.
 Field of science concerned with
creation, manipulation of
geometric information using computer techniques.
 It’s an art of drawing pictures, lines, charts,
triangles, etc. using computers with
the help of programming
 And display those images on screens or
hardcopy devices.

 Also, we can say computer graphic is

made of a few pixels, and pixel is the
smallest graphical picture or unit
representing on the computer screen.
 The game characters that you see on
a mobile game are constructed out of
small drawing (primitives) such as
triangles.
©2023/2024 5
 Computer Graphics
 Types of Computer Graphics?
 1- Interactive Computer Graphics
 2- Non-Interactive Computer Graphics

 1- Interactive Computer Graphics:  2- Non-Interactive Computer Graphics:

- It is an active CG. - It is a passive CG.
- It is the computer graphics in which user can - In this type of CG, user has no control
interact with the image on the computer over the images.
screen. o Example: Screensaver
o Example: Drawing on computer, i.e., the images are displayed
Vehicle Simulator according to a program.

Screensaver

©2023/2024 6
 Computer Graphics
 Interactive Computer Graphics: In this kind of computer graphics, the user
has complete control over the graphics image.
 We can make two way of
communications between the
computer and the user.
 Examples: 1. Video games;
2. Flight Simulator; 3. Virtual Reality
o Example 1: Video game controller
of any game, where the user can
give a series of commands, and
each command will generate
a graphical response from the
computer.
o By this way, the user make
a conversation or dialogue with
the computer.

©2023/2024 7
 Computer Graphics

 Cont. to Interactive Computer Graphics…

Remind you!
In this kind of computer graphics, the user has complete control over the graphics image.
 Example 2: Flight simulator helps to
train the pilots on the airplanes.
• In this case, the computer will
generate views of train visible in
take off, mission, and landing.
• There are many advantages for the
training using the flight simulator
like:
o Economic fuel saving,
o Safety,
o Ability to familiarize training for
many airports.

©2023/2024 8
 Computer Graphics
Cont. to Interactive
Computer Graphics:
 Remind you!... The user has
complete control over the
graphics image.
 Example 3: Virtual reality is
a simulated 3D environment
that enables users to explore
and interact with a virtual
surrounding in a way that
approximates reality.

 Virtual Reality has been

adopted for teaching and
learning purposes. It enables
the large group of students
within 3D environment.

©2023/2024 9
 Computer Graphics
 Non-Interactive Computer Graphics:
 In this kind of computer graphics, the user does not have any kind of control over
the graphics image.
 In this case image is nearly the
product of static stored program,
and it will move or walk according
to the instructions of the written
program. Non-Interactive Computer Graphics
 i.e., the images totally under the
control of program instructions not
under the user.
 Example: Screensavers

©2023/2024 10
 Computer Graphics

 Applications of
Computer Graphics:

1. Presentation Graphics
2. Computer Art
3. Entertainment
(animation, games, …)
4. Computer Aided Design CAD
5. Education and Training
6. Visualization
(scientific and business)
7. Image processing

©2023/2024 11
 Computer Graphics
 Cont. to Applications of
Computer Graphics…
1. Presentation Graphics
 Presentation graphics is used to
produce illustrations for reports
or generate slides for use with Gantt Chart:
projects. Used in the project management to
monitor and track the project activities
 Commonly used to summarize
financial, statistical,
mathematical, scientific,
economic data for research
reports, managerial reports,
and customer information
statements.
o Examples: Bart charts,
Line graphs, Pie charts,
Surface graphs, Time chart

©2023/2024 12
 Computer Graphics
 Cont. to Applications of
o Pixel Paintbrush: It is the same
Computer Graphics… as the Photoshop
2. Computer Art
 Includes artist’s paintbrush
programs, paint packages,
Computer Aided Design CAD
packages, and animation
packages.
 These packages provides
facilities for designing object
shapes and specifying object
motions.
 Examples:
• Paintings,
• Cartoon drawing,
• Product Advertisements,
• Logo Design. Logo Design Product Advertisements Cartoon Drawing
©2023/2024 13
 Computer Graphics
 Cont. to Applications of Computer
Graphics… o Picture painted electronically on
2. Cont. to Computer Art
 Electronic painting
o Picture painted electronically on
o A graphic tablet (digitizer) using
a stylus
o Cordless, pressure sensitive stylus
o Cordless, pressure sensitive stylus o A graphic tablet (digitizer) using a stylus

©2023/2024 14
 Computer Graphics
2. Cont. to Computer Art • Morphing function is commonly used in
movies, cartoons, advertisement, and
 Morphing computer games.
o It is a graphics method in which one object is transformed into another.
o In this example, the human face is converted into
animal face using the morphing graphics
function.
• Morphing Algorithm

©2023/2024 15
 Cont. to Applications of
Computer Graphics…
Computer Graphics
3. Entertainment
o Artificial
 Movie Industry
Intelligence &
o Used in motion pictures, music videos, and television shows.
Movies
o Used in making of cartoons animation film.
Super Toy Teddy

Artificial Intelligence Movies

©2023/2024 16
 Computer Graphics
 Cont. to Applications of Computer Graphics…
4. Computer Aided Design CAD
o Used in design of building, automobiles, aircraft, watercraft, spacecraft,
computers, textiles and many other products (AutoCAD 2D, AutoCAD 3D)
o Software packages provide multi-window environment

©2023/2024 17
 Computer Graphics
 Cont. to Applications of
Computer Graphics… o Kids
5. Education and Training School
Flyer
Template
o Computer generated
models of physical are
used as educational aids
such as.
₋ Simulators for practice o Driving Simulator.
sessions or training of
ship captains
₋ Aircraft pilots
₋ Driving Simulator

©2023/2024 18
 Cont. to Applications of
Computer Graphics…
Computer Graphics
6. Visualization
o Visualization is the process of representing data graphically and
interacting with these representations to gain insight into the data.
o What is data visualization?

o Scientific visualization
o Producing graphical
representation for
scientific, engineering,
and medical data sets.

o Business visualization is
used in connection with
data sets related to
commerce, industry and
other non-scientific areas.

©2023/2024 19
 Computer Graphics
 Cont. to Applications of Computer Graphics…
 7. Image Processing
 Image processing deals with capture images, cleaning up noisy and blurred images and
creating clear pictures, and other image manipulation.

 Image
processing
includes more
than ten image
manipulations
as shown in the
side Figure.

©2023/2024 20
 Computer Graphics
 Image Processing…
 Human
 Image processing eye
deals with capture
images.

 Image =
object +
Light +
Camera

 Camera
man

©2023/2024 21
 Computer Graphics
 Reflected Light
 The colours humans perceive are determined by nature of light reflected from
an object
 For example:
if white light (contains all wavelengths) is shone onto green object it absorbs
most wavelengths absorbed except green wavelength (color)

White source

o Image is
collection of
pixels.
o Pixel is intensity
of light.

©2023/2024 22
 Computer Graphics

 Reflected Light:
The colors humans perceive
are determined by nature of
light reflected from an object

 Examples…

©2023/2024 23
 Computer Graphics
 Image Processing…
 Image processing
deals with cleaning
up noisy images.

©2023/2024 24
 Computer Graphics
 Image Processing…
 Image processing
deals with cleaning
up blurred images .

©2023/2024 25
 Computer Graphics

 Image Processing…

 Image processing
deals with
converting black Before After
& white image
into color image.

©2023/2024 26
 Computer Graphics

 Image Processing…

 Image processing
deals with
converting color Before After

image into black

& white image.

©2023/2024 27
 Computer Graphics
 Image Processing…
 Image processing deals • A silhouette is the outline of an object seen
with detecting the or as if seen against the light
• The basic idea of silhouette photography is to
silhouette image. use a backlight to create a black outline of
your subjects.

1. Object & Light 2. Camera & Display 3. Image: silhouette

©2023/2024 28
 Computer Graphics
 Image Processing…
 Image processing deals  A silhouette is the image of a person, animal,
object or scene represented as a solid shape
with detecting the of a single color
silhouette image.
Before After

©2023/2024 29
 Computer Graphics
 Image Processing…
 Image processing deals with  Silhouette photography adds a beautiful and
detecting the silhouette shadowy effect to any photo, shifting the focus
image. from the small details to the background while
creating drama and contrast.

©2023/2024 30
 Computer Graphics

 Image Processing…

 Image processing
deals with
detecting the
outline image.

©2023/2024 31
 Computer Graphics
 Cont. to Image Processing…
 Image processing deals with
converting image to avatars.

©2023/2024 32
 Computer Graphics
 Cont. to Image Processing…
 Image processing deals with
converting image to avatars.

©2023/2024 33
 Computer Graphics
 Cont. to Image Processing…
 Raster Image…

• Raster image is called raster graphics,

also called bitmap graphics.
• It is a type of digital image that uses
pixels, or picture elements, arranged in a
grid formation to represent an image.
• Popular types of raster files include JPEG,
PNG, and GIF images.
• However, because the image pixel
numbers are fixed, raster images can
become distorted or blurry when resized
to fill a bigger or smaller space.

©2023/2024 34
 Computer Graphics
 Cont. to Image Processing…
Raster Image…
• A raster image is a digital
photography image.

• In computer graphics and

digital photography, a raster
graphics represents a two- Raster: Matrix
dimensional picture as
a matrix or grid of square

Rows
pixels, viewable via a computer
display.
o Images produced from optical scanners
and digital cameras are raster graphics, as Columns

are most images on the Internet.

©2023/2024 35
 Computer Graphics
 Cont. to Image Processing…

 Format of raster
images…
• How to create GIF image
• Go to Animated GIF
Maker…
o https://ezgif.com/maker

o Online GIF maker and image editor

©2023/2024 36
 Computer Graphics
 Cont. to Image Processing…
 Vector images consist of shapes
like circles, rectangles, lines and
curves.
 A vector image is a scalable
image made up of values
rather than pixels.

©2023/2024 37
 Computer Graphics
 Cont. to Image Processing…
 Example: Vector images consist of shapes like circles, rectangles, lines and curves.
 Converter the next drawing to a vector image.

 1. Translate object
into cartesian
coordinate to
display the shape
within the positive
Quad.

 4. Use any application program to

 2. Extract points coordinates of the shape  3. The next coordinates
connect the coordinates points
points represent of the getting the below vector image
shape

©2023/2024 38
 Computer Graphics
 Cont. to Image Processing…
Raster Image Vector Image

 Converting Raster Converter

Image VS Vector
Image…

o Raster image is a pixel

image or a light image.
o Vector image is a
Converter
mathematical image or
a graphical image.

©2023/2024 39
 Computer Graphics
 Images & Graphics…
 Format of Graphics Images…

©2023/2024 40
 Computer Graphics
 Graphics packages or
software standards are o 1. Illustrator
used to create graphics
images…

o 2. After effect
Computer
Graphics
Programs for 2D…

o 3. Photo shop

©2023/2024 41
 Computer Graphics
 Cont. to Graphics packages or o 1. Maya

software standards are used to

create graphics images…
Computer
Graphics
Programs for 3D…
o 3. 3D Max o 2. Blender

©2023/2024 42
 Computer Graphics
Mobile Film Making…
 Most people with a mobile device are using
smartphones, and the camera on modern
smartphones has improved so much that many
filmmakers are skipping the expensive camera
equipment and using their mobile cameras to
create great feature films.
 Smartphone filmmaking makes filming
easier by allowing journalists to quickly
film and edits a video on the go.

 Smartphone Filmmaking is directed

towards beginners and intermediates
that want to achieve a cinematic and
professional look in their video.

©2023/2024 43
 Computer Graphics
Cont. to Mobile Film Making…

 Kind of films
shot on
smartphones

©2023/2024 44
 Computer Graphics
Cont. to Mobile Film Making…  Cairo Mobile Film Festival

©2023/2024 45
 Samples of Questions
Q1. The raster image is not pixel-based graphics resolution dependent photos and web graphics.
a. True
b. False

Q2. The vector image is curve-based graphics resolution independent logos, icons, and type.
c. True
d. False

G3. The format of raster image are ________.

e. JPG – RAW – PDF – SVG
f. TIFF – PNG – EPS – PDF
g. GIF - JPG – RAW – PNG
h. PSD – RAW – EPS – Ai

Q4. The format of vector image are ________.

i. SVG - PDF - JPG – RAW
j. RAW – PNG – EPS – Ai
k. PSD – JPG – SVG – PDF
l. Ai – EPS – PDF - SVG

©2023/2024 46
 Samples of Questions
Q5. The RGP is a light- based color model that stands for red, green, and pink.
a. True
b. False

Q6. Each RGB pixel in color image is saved in a computer storage using ______ byte(s).
c. one
d. Two
e. Three
f. four

Q7. The CMYK is a 4-color printing process that stands for cyan, magenta, yellow, and
key (black).
g. True
h. False

Q8. The CMYK is a 4-color image is saved in a computer storage using ________ byte(s).
i. one
j. Two
k. Three
l. four

©2023/2024 47
 Questions: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Q1 A B C D
Q2 A B C D
Q3 A B C D
Q4 A B C D
 Model
Q5 A B C D
Answer Q6 A B C D
Q7 A B C D
Q8 A B C D

©2023/2024 48
Any Questions!

©2023/2024 49