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Reasoning and Proof Autosaved

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22 views

Reasoning and Proof Autosaved

Uploaded by

aileen.c.lava
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Instruction: Read the conversation of the two

students below.
Jeff and Trisha are assessing their chances of
passing the midterm examination in
Mathematics.
REASONING
AND PROOF
OBJECTIVES
• identify inductive and deductive
reasoning statements;
• write proof using two-column
form; and
• demonstrate a good way of
reasoning whether it is based on
observation or on facts.
INDUCTIVE REASONING
Conclusion is obtained
by observing a pattern
or doing several
observations.
EXAMPLE 1: DESCRIBE THE PATTERN
AND STATE YOUR CONCLUSION.
My mathematics teacher is strict.
My previous mathematics teacher
was strict.
Tita’s mathematics teacher is strict
too.
Tita’s previous mathematics teacher
Conclusion: Mathematics
was also strict. teachers
are strict.
Example 2:
John, a math challenger is good in
mathematics. Joan, Josh, and Bea who
are also math challengers are good in
mathematics.
Conclusion: All math challengers are good in
mathematics.
Example
3:
In the sequence, 10, 20, 30, …,

Conclusion: The next term is


40
DEDUCTIVE
conclusion
REASONING is based on facts such
as definition of terms and
properties.
EXAMPLE
Give conclusion of the statements
below.

A quadrilateral is polygon with four


sides.
Conclusion: A parallelogram is
A parallelogram is quadrilateral.
a polygon with four sides.
Example 2:
Sally does not drink
soft drinks.

Conclusion: She does


not drink Cola.
Example
3:
All mathematics challenge contestants are
good in mathematics. Jim, Jane and Jelian
are math challenge contestants.

Conclusion: Jim, Jane and Jelian


are good in mathematics.
Activity: Determine the type of reasoning shown
on each statement below then the conclusion.

1. All men are mortal. Sean is mortal.


Conclusion: Sean is mortal.
(Deductive)
2. All cars require gasoline to run.
This vehicles is a car.
Conclusion: This vehicle requires
gasoline to run. (Deductive)
Activity: Determine the type of reasoning shown
on each statement below then the conclusion.
3. The teacher gave the students easy
test/quizzes every week.
Conclusion: The next quiz will be
easy. (Inductive)
4. Ben is a student at Dcc high
school. Students at Dcc high
school are cute.
Conclusion: Ben is a cute.
(Deductive)
Activity: Determine the type of reasoning shown
on each statement below then the conclusion.
5. 80% of all students in the classroom are
noisy. Kevin is a student.
Conclusion: Kevin is noisy.
(Inductive)
6. The sun has risen every
morning of my life.
Conclusion: The sun will probably
rise tomorrow morning. (Inductive)
Activity: Determine the type of reasoning shown
on each statement below then the conclusion.
7. Filipino are hospitable. Bonifacio is a
Filipino.
Conclusion: Bonifacio is a
hospitable. (Deductive)
8. Filipino are happy people. Jillian
is a Filipino.
Conclusion: Jilian is a happy
person. (Deductive)
DEDUCTIVE PROOF
A deductive proof starts with the given
condition called hypothesis. A series of
statements that leads to the desired
conclusion is presented. These
statements are backed by corresponding
reasons. A deductive proof may be
written in paragraph form or two-column
form. The following are the steps:
Step 1: Illustrate the facts in the
theorem or statement being proven
by drawing a figure. Figures in
problem solving, however, are often
already given.
Step 2: Write the given conditions.
These can be found in hypothesis.
The hypothesis is the part of the
theorem or statement following the
word “if”. If the theorem is not
written in the “if-then” form, then
Step 3: Write what is to be proven. This can
be found in the “then part” of the theorem
or statement being proven.
Step 4: Write the series of statement in the
left column. Each time this is done, a
corresponding reason is written in the
second column. The series of statements
should logically lead to desired conclusion
and be numbered together with
corresponding reasons.
DEDUCTIVE REASONING IN ALGEBRA
AND DEDUCTIVE REASONING IN
GEOMETRY
The examples illustrate how deductive
reasoning is used in proving statements in
two-column form.
succeeding
Example 1: Prove that if ,
then
Given: 2x + 5=
17
Prove: x= 6
Statements Reasons
1. 1. Given
2. 2. Addition Property of Equality

3. 3. Division Property of Equality


Example 2: Prove that if ,
then
Given: 4(x +
y)=48
y=6
Example 3: Prove: x= 6
Given: 7(5 – x) – 3(-4 – 6x)=8
Prove: x= -5
Example 4:
Given: 7(5 – x) – 3(-4 – 6x)=8
Prove: x= -5
Example 5: If ∠1 and ∠2 are both right angles, then
they are congruent.
Given: ∠1 is a right angle.
∠2 is a right angle.
Prove: ∠1≅∠2
Proof:
Statements Reasons

1. is a right angle. 1. Given


is a right angle.

2. 2. Definition of right angles.


Right angle measures 90 degrees.

3. 3. Transitive Property of Equality.

4. 4. Definition of Congruent Angles


THANK YOU!!

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