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Introduction To Dental Anatomy

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69 views60 pages

Introduction To Dental Anatomy

Uploaded by

yixecix709
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Dental

Anatomy & Oral Histology


Nomenclature

Deciduous teeth – 20 ( Milk teeth)


Permanent teeth – 32
Upper - Maxillary
Lower – Mandibular

At birth – No teeth
Eruption – Deciduous -6 months to 2 1/2 yrs
Permanent – 6 years to 21 yrs
Maxilla Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars
Mandible
Deciduous teeth
Incisors – 2 Canine -1
Central & Lateral

Teeth
Maxillary
Mandibular

Molars -2
Permanent Teeth
Incisors – 2 Canine -1
Central & Lateral

Teeth
Maxillary
Mandibular

Premolars -2 Molars -3
Types of dentitions:
• Diphyodont: Most mammals - humans develop
and erupt into their jaws two generations of teeth.
The term literally means "two generations of
teeth."
• Monophyodont: Some mammals--such as the
manatee, seals, and walruses have only a single
generation of teeth.
• Polyphyodont: Most reptiles and fishes develop a
lifetime of generations of successional teeth--Such
teeth have a brief functional life and are
anatomically simple in design.
• Homodont: In many vertebrates, all of the teeth
in the jaw are alike. They differ from each other
only in size. The alligator is an example of
homodontism.
• Heterodont: Most mammals, humans
included, develop distinctive classes of teeth
that are regionally specialized.
• Anodontia: is the developmental absence of
teeth. In humans, anodontia is a pathological
condition. Partial anodontia is one or a few
teeth missing.
Dental formula:
Decidous teeth :
I 2/2 C 1/1 M 2/2

Permanent Teeth :
I 2/2 C1/1 PM 2/2 M 3/3
Parts of Tooth

CROWN

ROOT
Parts of Tooth
Enamel
Dentin
Pulp
Gingiva
Cementum
Periodontal
Ligament

Alveolar Bone
Crown
Nomenclature
Incisal edge/ridge - Incisors
Cusp -
Single - canine Root
Multiple – PM & M
Single – one Apex
Multiple – Apices
Bifurcation
Trifurcation
ANATOMIC VERSUS CLINICAL CROWN AND ROOT

Anatomic Crown

•Anatomic Crown
•Anatomic Root
• Clinical Crown
• Clinical Root Anatomic Root
•The anatomic crown is the portion of the tooth
covered by enamel.
•Clinical Crown refers specifically to the amount of
tooth visible in the oral cavity.
•It may be larger or smaller than anatomic crown.
•It may include the entire anatomic crown and some
of the anatomic root if there has been recession of
the gingiva.
•Anatomic root is the part of a tooth covered by
cementum.
•Clinical root refers to the amount of root that is
not visible since it is covered with gingiva (gum
tissue) and is not exposed to the oral cavity.
•May be shorter than anatomic root.
•In elderly person with considerable recession of gingiva,
clinical root would be shorter than the anatomic root.
SURFACES & RIDGES

•Anterior teeth • Proximal surface


• Posterior teeth • Median line
• Labial surface
• Buccal surface
• Mesial surface
• Distal surface
• Contact area
Labial

Buccal
DIVISIONS INTO THIRDS

• Named according to location


Line angles
“ A line angle is formed by
the junction of two surfaces”
Posterior
Mesiobuccal
Anterior  distobuccal
mesiolabial
mesiolingual
 distolabial
 distolingual
 mesiolingual
 mesio-occlusal
 distolingual
 disto-occlusal
 labioincisal
 bucco-occlusal
 linguoincisal
 linguo-occlusal
Point Angles

“ A Point angle is formed by


junction of three surfaces”
Anterior
mesiolabioincisal
 distolabioincisal
Mesiolinguoincisal
distolinguoincisal
Posterior
mesiobuccoocclusal
distobuccoocclusal
Mesiolinguoocclusal
distolinguoocclusal
SEQUENCE OF ERUPTION OF
DECIDUOUS DENTITION:

• Maxillary ------ A B D C E

• Mandibular ----- A B D C E

• Maxillary --- 10, 11, 16, 19, 29 months


• Mandibular --- 6, 13, 16, 20, 27 months
Arch Tooth Eruption
Maxillary Central incisor 10 months
Lateral incisor 11 months
Canine 19 months
First molar 16 months
Second molar 29 months
Mandibular Central incisor 8 months
Lateral incisor 13 months
Canine 20 months
First molar 16 months
Second molar 27 months
SEQUENCE OF ERUPTION OF
PERMANENT DENTITION:
• Maxillary ------ 6, 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 7, 8

• Mandibular ----- 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8

Maxillary --- 6-7, 7-8, 8-9, 10-11, 10-12, 11-12, 12-13, 17-21yrs
Mandibular --- 6-7, 6-7, 7-8, 9-10, 10-12, 11-12, 11-13, 17-21yrs
Arch Tooth Eruption
Maxillary Central incisor 7-8 years
Lateral incisor 8-9 years
Canine 11-12 years
First Premolar 10-11 years
Second Premolar 10-12 years
First molar 6-7 years
Second molar 12-13years
Third molar 17-21 years
Mandibular Central incisor 6-7 years
Lateral incisor 7-8 years
Canine 9-10 years
First Premolar 10-12 years
Second Premolar 11-12 years
First molar 6-7 years
TRAIT CATEGORIES
• A trait is distinguishing characteristic, quality,
peculiarity or attribute.

1.Set traits: (Dentition traits) It distinguishes teeth


in primary and permanent dentition.

2.Arch traits: It distinguishes maxillary from


mandibular teeth.
3. Class traits: It distinguishes the four categories
(or class) of teeth namely Incisors, Canine,
Premolars and Molars.
4. Type traits: It differentiates teeth within one
class
Eg:
1.Difference between Central and Lateral incisors
2.Difference between first and second premolars.
Landmarks
Cusp Fossa
Tubercle Sulcus
Cingulum developmental Groove
Ridge Supplemental Groove
Marginal Ridge Pit
Triangular Ridge Lobe
Transverse ridge
Oblique Ridge
CUSP
“ A cusp is an elevation or mound on
the crown portion of tooth making up a
divisional part of the occlusal surface”
CINGULUM
“ A cingulum is the lingual lobe of an
anterior tooth. It makes the bulk of the
cervical third of the lingual surface. Its
convexity mesiodistally resembles a girdle
encircling the lingual surface at the
cervical third”
RIDGE
“ A ridge is any linear elevation on the
surface of tooth and is named
according to location :
Buccal ridge
Lingual ridge
Incisal Ridge
Marginal Ridge
MARGINAL RIDGES
“ Marginal ridges are those rounded
borders of the enamel that form the
Mesial & distal margins of occlusal
surfaces of Premolars & Molars
Mesial & distal margins of lingual
surfaces of Incisors & Canines
TRIANGULAR RIDGES
“ Triangular ridges descend from the
tips of cusps of molars & premolars
toward the cental part of the occlusal
surfaces”
Named after – Cusps to which they belong
TRANSVERSE RIDGE

“ When a buccal & lingual triangular ridge


join, they form a transverse ridge”
Union of two triangular ridges – transverse
ridge = posterior tooth
OBLIQUE RIDGE
“ Oblique ridge is the ridge crossing
obliquely the occlusal surfaces of the
maxillary molars”
It is formed by union of triangular ridges of
Distobuccal cusp
Mesiolingual cusp
FOSSA
“ A fossa is an irregular depression or
concavity”
Types:
 Lingual fossa – Lingual surface of incisors
 Central fossae – Occlusal surface of molars
 Triangular Fossae – Occlusal surface of M & PM
- mesial/ distal to marginal ridges
SULCUS

“ A sulcus is a long depression or valley


in the surface of tooth between ridges
and cusps, the inclines of which meet at
an angle”
GROOVE
Developmental groove – Shallow groove /line between
the primary parts of crown and root
Supplemental Groove : Shallow linear groove on the
surface of tooth
Buccal & lingual Grooves – Developmental grooves on
buccal /lingual side
PITS

“ Pits are small pin point depressions


located at the junction of developmental
grooves.”
LOBES
“ A lobe is one of the primary sections of the
formation in the development of the crown”
 Cusps
 Mamellons
 “ A mamellon is any one of the 3
rounded protuberances found on the
incisal ridges of the newly erupted
incisor teeth”
ROOTS
 Single
 Multiple
Max & mand Anteriors – One root
Mand 1,2 &Max 2 PM – One root
Max 1 PM– two roots = buccal &Lingual
Maxillary molars – 3 roots – MB,DB &P
Mandibular Molars – 2 roots – M&D
Tooth Numbering systems

Universal Numbering system

Palmer Notation System

International/ FDI System


Universal Numbering System
 Suggested by Parreidt,1882
 Adopted by American Dental association –1975
 Uses numbers 1-32 for permanent teeth ---- 1-16,17-32
 Decidous teeth – alphabets- A-T ---- A-J , K-T
Palmer/Zsigmondy Notation system

87654321 12345678
87654321 12345678
Upper right Upper left

Lower right Lower left

EDCBA ABCDE
EDCBA ABCDE
International/ FDI system

1 2
Permanent
4 3 87654321 12345678

87654321 12345678
5 6
Decidous
8 7
Example

Maxillary right Maxillary right


Canine -Permanent Canine -Decidous
Universal – 6 Universal – C
Palmer – 3 Palmer – C

FDI - 13 FDI - 53

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