Scribd
Upload
12 views23 pages

Operators & Expressions

Uploaded by

amansahoo174
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views23 pages

Operators & Expressions

Uploaded by

amansahoo174
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

Operators & Expressions

Department of Computer Science


CLASS- BCA (Ist Semester)
SUBJECT: PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS USING C

SUBMITTED BY : PARDEEP KAUR


Definition

“An operator is a symbol (+,-,*,/) that directs the


computer to perform certain mathematical or logical
manipulations and is usually used to manipulate
data and variables”
Ex: a+b
Operators in C
1. Arithmetic operators
2. Relational operators
3. Logical operators
4. Assignment operators
5. Increment and decrement operators
6. Conditional operators
7. Bitwise operators
8. Special operators
Arithmetic operators
Operator example Meaning
+ a+b Addition –unary
- a–b Subtraction- unary
* a*b Multiplication
/ a/b Division
% a%b Modulo division- remainder
Relational Operators

Operator Meaning
< Is less than
<= Is less than or equal to
> Is greater than
>= Is greater than or equal
to
== Equal to
!= Not equal to
Logical Operators
Operator Meaning
&& Logical AND
|| Logical OR
! Logical NOT

Logical expression or a compound relational


expression-
An expression that combines two or more
relational expressions
Ex: if (a==b && b==c)
Truth Table
Value of the expression
a b
a && b a || b
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1
1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1
Assignment operators
Syntax:
v op = exp;
Where v = variable,
op = shorthand assignment operator
exp = expression
Ex: x=x+3
x+=3
Shorthand Assignment operators
Simple assignment
Shorthand operator
operator
a = a+1 a + =1
a = a-1 a - =1
a = a* (m+n) a * = m+n
a = a / (m+n) a / = m+n
a = a %b a %=b
Increment & Decrement Operators
C supports 2 useful operators namely
1. Increment ++
2. Decrement – operators
The ++ operator adds a value 1 to the operand
The – operator subtracts 1 from the operand
++a or a++
--a or a--
Rules for ++ & -- operators
1. These require variables as their
operands
2. When postfix either ++ or – is used with
the variable in a given expression, the
expression is evaluated first and then it
is incremented or decremented by one
3. When prefix either ++ or – is used with
the variable in a given expression, it is
incremented or decremented by one first
and then the expression is evaluated
with the new value
Examples for ++ & -- operators
Let the value of a =5 and b=++a then
a = b =6
Let the value of a = 5 and b=a++ then
a =5 but b=6
i.e.:
1. a prefix operator first adds 1 to the
operand and then the result is assigned to
the variable on the left
2. a postfix operator first assigns the value
to the variable on left and then increments
the operand.
Conditional operators
Syntax:
exp1 ? exp2 : exp3
Where exp1,exp2 and exp3 are expressions
Working of the ? Operator:
Exp1 is evaluated first, if it is nonzero(1/true) then the
expression2 is evaluated and this becomes the value of the
expression,
If exp1 is false(0/zero) exp3 is evaluated and its value
becomes the value of the expression
Ex: m=2;
n=3
r=(m>n) ? m : n;
Bitwise operators
These operators allow manipulation of data at the bit level

Operator Meaning
& Bitwise AND
| Bitwise OR
^ Bitwise exclusive OR
<< Shift left
>> Shift right
Special operators
1. Comma operator ( ,)
2. sizeof operator – sizeof( )
3. Pointer operators – ( & and *)
4. Member selection operators – ( . and ->)
Arithmetic Expressions
Algebraic expression C expression
axb-c a*b-c
(m+n)(x+y) (m+n)*(x+y)
ab a*b/c
c

3x2+2x+1 3*x*x+2*x+1
a a/b
b

a b c S=(a+b+c)/2
S=
2
Arithmetic Expressions
Algebraic expression C expression
area= s( s  a)( s  b)( s  c) area=sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c))

Sin 
 b 

sin(b/sqrt(a*a+b*b))
 2 2 
 a b 

 x   y 
1     xy
2
tow1=sqrt((rowx-rowy)/2+tow*x*y*y)
 2 

   y 
2
tow1=sqrt(pow((rowx-rowy)/2,2)+tow*x*y*y)
1   x   xy
2

 2 

  y=(alpha+beta)/sin(theta*3.1416/180)+abs(x)
y  x
sin 
Precedence of operators
BODMAS RULE-
Brackets of Division Multiplication Addition
Subtraction
Brackets will have the highest precedence and
have to be
evaluated first, then comes of , then comes
division, multiplication, addition and finally
subtraction.
C language uses some rules in evaluating the
expressions
and they r called as precedence rules or sometimes
also
referred to as hierarchy of operations, with some
operators
Rules for evaluation of expression
1. First parenthesized sub expression from left to right are
evaluated.
2. If parentheses are nested, the evaluation begins with the
innermost sub expression
3. The precedence rule is applied in determining the order
of application of operators in evaluating sub expressions
4. The associatively rule is applied when 2 or more
operators of the same precedence level appear in a sub
expression.
5. Arithmetic expressions are evaluated from left to right
using the rules of precedence
6. When parentheses are used, the expressions within
parentheses assume highest priority
Hierarchy of operators

Operator Description Associativity


( ), [ ] Function call, array Left to Right
element reference
+, -, ++, - Unary plus, minus,
-,!,~,*,& increment, decrement,
logical negation, 1’s Right to Left
complement, pointer
reference, address
*, / , % Multiplication, Left to Right
division, modulus
Example 1
Evaluate x1=(-b+ sqrt (b*b-4*a*c))/(2*a) @ a=1,
b=-5, c=6
=(-(-5)+sqrt((-5)(-5)-4*1*6))/(2*1)
=(5 + sqrt((-5)(-5)-4*1*6))/(2*1)
=(5 + sqrt(25 -4*1*6))/(2*1)
=(5 + sqrt(25 -4*6))/(2*1)
=(5 + sqrt(25 -24))/(2*1)
=(5 + sqrt(1))/(2*1)
=(5 + 1.0)/(2*1)
=(6.0)/(2*1)
=6.0/2 = 3.0
Example 2
Evaluate the expression when a=4
b=a- ++a
=a – 5
=5-5
=0

You might also like