IT Lecture 1
IT Lecture 1
Computer
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
BS PSYCHOLOGY
MUHAMMAD UMAR NASIR
LECTURER, FCS, RIPHAH LAHORE
What is a Computer?
In 1642 Blaise Pascal, at age 19, invented the Pascaline as an aid for his
father who was a tax collector.
Up until the present age when car dashboards went digital, the odometer
portion of a car's speedometer used the very same mechanism as the
Pascaline to increment the next wheel after each full revolution of the
prior wheel.
Pascal went on to invent probability theory, the hydraulic press, and
the syringe.
Leibniz's Stepped Reckoner
Just a few years after Pascal, the German Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
managed to build a four-function (addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division) calculator that he called the stepped
reckoner
Leibniz was the first to advocate use of the binary number system which
is fundamental to the operation of modern computers.
Punched cards
In 1801 the Frenchman Joseph Marie Jacquard invented a power loom that
could base its weave upon a pattern automatically read from punched
wooden cards, held together in a long row by rope.
Descendants of these punched cards have been in use ever since.
Babbage's Difference Engine
1. It is self directing. The user merely feeds all the instructions to the computer at
the start and later proceeds without any need for human intervention.
2. Ability to store and retrieve information. The computer has the ability to
remember or recall data when finds the need for them.
3. Ability to perform mathematical operations and solve complex formula at high
speed and with great precision. A very fast computer can perform the addition
of 20 million pairs of ten-digit numbers in one second.
4. Ability to perform logic operation. The computer is capable of comparing
numbers, letters of alphabet and special characters. Based on the results of
comparison, the computer can direct to take alternative actions.
LIMITATIONS
1. It can do only what is designed or programmed to do. If you ask the computer
to get the total payroll for a certain period, it will give you only the total payroll
and not the net salary or gross salary of each employee.
2. It cannot correct input data. If you mistakenly entered an hour rate of P50 per
hour, the computer cannot respond to the actual rate of P40 per hour.
3. It cannot think and cannot derive meanings from objects. The computer cannot
interpret your favorite poem or your present mood.
4. It can only process jobs expressed in a number of steps leading to a precisely
defined goal.
5. It cannot completely avoid making errors due to power fluctuations, system
malfunctions and human disorders.