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Relationships and Functions

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Lorraine Sabbagh
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18 views

Relationships and Functions

Uploaded by

Lorraine Sabbagh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Functions and relationships

Contents Objectives: to be able to,

1. Turning equations into functions. • understand the difference between


functions and relationships,
2. The vertical and straight line test.
• test graphically for functions,
3. One to one relationships.
• understanding the difference between
4. Many to one relationships. many-to-one, one-to-many, and one-to-
one mapping.
5. One to many relationships.
Prior knowledge: you should already know
6. Restricting the domain.
how to,
7. Questions.
• understand the terms domain and
range,

• find the inverse of a function,

• use your GDC to graph lines and curves.


Changing the subject
Make x the subject of the equations below. Make a note of each equation as you will
need them for the rest of this lesson.
y 5
1. y 2x  5 x
2 Graph each equation, making a sketch of
each.

2 Consider turning each equation into a


2. y  x  3   4 x  y  4 3
function. Consider all the possible numbers
as the domain of each function.

1 1 A function exists if each number in the


3. y   2 x
x y 2 range maps to one number in the domain.
Which equations could be functions?

4. y  x  3 x y 2  3 A function has an inverse if each number in


the domain maps to a unique number in it’s
range.
Which functions have inverses?
5. y x 2  4 x  5 x  y  1 2
Confused? How do the graphs help us?
Horizontal and vertical Test 1
y 2x  5
This could be a function as each y
number in the range maps to one
number only for x. Does it have an inverse?

A vertical line test can be used to Yes, as each x number has a


verify that it could be a function. unique y number it maps to.
Can you draw a vertical line so that it
cuts the graph more than once? A horizontal line test can be used to
verify this.
No, so it is a function. Can a horizontal line be drawn so
that it cuts the graph more than
once?

No, so it is a function with an inverse.


Horizontal and vertical Test 2

2
y  x  3   4

It is a function.

It does not have an inverse


as the horizontal line cuts
through the curve twice.
Note that where the line cuts the curve, at this
point one y number maps to two x numbers.
Horizontal and vertical Test 3
1
y  2
It is a function. x

And it has an inverse.


Horizontal and vertical Test 4

y  x  3
It is not an inverse as a vertical line cuts through
the curve more than once.

Note that one x number, in this case 9, maps to two y-numbers.


Horizontal and vertical Test 5

y x 2  4 x  5

It is a function.

It does not have an inverse.


One to one relationships
f (x) 2 x  5, x   x 5
f  1 (x)  , x
2

3 1

-5 -15

-1 -7

9 13
5 5

All one-to-one relationships can be functions with inverses.


Many to one relationships
2
f (x)  x  3   4, x   f  1 (x)  x  4  3, x  

Put 4 into the inverse.


3 4
Put 8 into the inverse.
5 8
1 Try again,
4 could be -2
6
13
0

These types of relationships are called many to one. Many numbers in the domain can go
to the same number in the range. Look at another example.

Many-to-one relationships can be functions without inverses.


One to many relationship
y  x  3
Try again, x y 2  3

4 could be -2

1 2
-2

4
13
-4

These types of relationships are called one to many. One number in the domain can go to
different numbers in the range. Look at another example.

One-to-many relationships cannot be functions.


Restricting the domain
Consider the function f ( x) ( x -1)2 - 3, x  

Does this function have an inverse?

No, it is a one-to many relationship.

Can we alter the domain so that


the function will have an inverse?

Cut the graph at it's vertex.

f (x) (x -1)2 - 3, x 1.

Now we have a one-to-one function.


Restricting the domain

Consider the function g( x) x 2  4 x - 3, x k.


Find the smallest value of k such that the function has an inverse.

g(x) x 2  4 x - 3, x  2.

k 7

From the graph (or by completeing the square) we can see that the vertex is at (-2,7).
Questions
1. Look at each graph below. Classify as c)
either: a function with an inverse; a
function without an inverse; not a function.
a)

A function without an inverse

d)
Not a function

b)

A function with an inverse A function with an inverse


Questions

2. The function f ( x) ( x - 3)2  2, x k. 4. y x 3  2, x  


a) Given that f(x) has an inverse, find the
y  3x  2, x 1
value of k that gives the largest range possible.
y x 2  4 x  1, x  

k 3
Which of the above is,
b) State the range of f (x).
a) a one-to-many relationship,
range 2
y  3x  2, x 1
3. The function g( x) x 2  8 x  2, x k.
a) Given that g(x) has an inverse, find the b) a one-to-one relationship,
value of k that gives the largest range possible.
y x 3  2, x  
k 4
c) a many-to-one relationship?
b) State the range of g(x).
y x 2  4 x  1, x  
range  14

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