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@MATH 104 Presentation

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25 views10 pages

@MATH 104 Presentation

Uploaded by

JOBAYER FAISAL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Co-ordinate Geometry and Vector

Analysis (MAT 104)


Topic : 2D Co - Ordinate Geometry

Submitted by
Submitted to
Dr. Md. Fazlul Karim • Akash Saha
Professor • 2022-2-60-081
Dept. of Mathematics and • Jobayer Faisal Fahim
Physical Sciences • 2022-2-60-130
• Shafiqul Islam Fahim
2022-2-60-085
Sec - 01
1
CHANGE OF AXES
Change of origin refers to a transformation of the coordinate
system used to represent the position of objects or points in
the plane.

Let PL and O’N be drawn perpendiculars on OX, also let PL cut


O’X’ at M. Obviously, x = OL, y = LP, x’ = O’M, y’ = MP, h =
ON and k = ON = LM.
From the above figure,
x = OL = OM + NL = h + O’M = h +
x’ y = LP = LM + MP = k + y’

x = the
Hence, x= h
h + transformation +
formulae
x’, x’ =
are x’, x’ =
x – h, x – h,
CHANGE OF AXES
Rotation of axes is a mathematical technique used
to transform a coordinate system into a new
coordinate system by rotating the axes of the
original system through a certain angle.
•Let (x, y) be the co-ordinates of any point P
referred to OX and OY as axes of co-ordinates and
( x’, y’) be the co-ordinates of the same point P
with reference to a new set of axes OX’, OY’, where
∠XOX’ = ∠YOY’ = θ

•Hence, the transformation formulae are

x = x’ cos θ – y’ sin y = x’ sin θ + y’


θ, x’ = x cos θ + y cos θ
sin θ, y’ = y cos θ – x sin
θ
PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES

The equation, ax²+2hxy+by²+2gx+2fy + c =


0, represents a second-degree equation where
a, b, and h are nonzero constants. This equation
represents a pair of straight lines if,
abc+2fgh-af²-bg² - ch² = 0

Therefore, the homogeneous part of the


general second-degree equation, ax² + 2hxy
+ by² = 0 represents the pair of straight lines
passing through
If θ is the angle the origin.
between a pair of straight
lines given by ax²+2hxy + by² = 0, then,

2
tan θ
2 √ (h −𝑎𝑏)
= (𝑎 +𝑏)
PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES
Condition of parallelism and
perpendicularity:
• The lines represented by a pair of
straight lines are parallel if a+b=0

• The lines represented by a pair of


straight lines are perpendicular if
h²=ab
Joint equation of angle bisectors of
pair of line ax²+2hxy + by² = 0 is
given by:
THE CIRCLE

A Circle is the locus of a point in a plane that


moves so that its distance from a fixed point is
always equal to a given distance.

The equation of a circle is,


x² + y² + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
having Centre (-g,-f) and radius √(g² +
f² - c)

A Tangent line to a circle is a line that


touches the circle at exactly one point.

Tangent at (x₁,y₁) is,


xx₁+yy₁+g(x+x₁) + f (y+y₁) + c =0
THE CIRCLE
Two circles are said to be Orthogonal if their
tangents at their point of intersection are
perpendicular to each other. Condition of two
circles to cut Orthogonally,
2g₁g₂ + 2f₁f₂ =c₁+c₂

The locus of a point moves such that the


lengths of the tangents drawn from it to the
two circles are equal.
The condition to fulfil,
2(g−g' )x+2(f−f' )y+(c−c')=0

The intersection point of the three radical


axes of the pairs of circles.
Let, S1, S2 and S3 be the equation of
three circles. Comparing any of the pairs
will get Radical Centre( x, y).
CONIC SECTION
Conic section are curves in which a plane cuts a cone.

The general equation of the second degree in x and y


represents a conic,
ax²+2hxy+by²+2gx+2fy+c=0

If Δ = abc + 2fgh - af²- bg²- ch² is not 0, then we can say


it’s a Conic.

Hence the general equation of the second degree


represents

i. A Parabola, if ab – h² = 0

ii. An Ellipse, if ab – h² > 0

iii. A Hyperbola, if ab – h² < 0

iv. A Rectangular Hyperbola, if ab – h² < 0, and a + b=0


APPLICATION OF 2D-GEOMETRY

• Blueprints and floor plan

• Graphic Design

• Botany

• Computer animation

• GPS System

• Robotic

• Image processing
Thank You

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