Ch5 Tcpip Model
Ch5 Tcpip Model
What is a Protocol?
Protocol is set of rules and
conventions.
Sender and receiver in data
communication must agree on common
set of rules before they can
communicate with each other.
Protocol defines.
a) Syntax (what is to be communicated)
b) Semantics (how is it to be
communicated
TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP Model
The original TCP/IP protocol suite was
defined as having four layers: host-to-
network, internet, transport, and
application.
TCP/IP Model
TCP/ IP Model
TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP Model
When TCP/IP is compared to OSI,
The host-to-network layer is equivalent to
the combination of the physical and data
link layers.
The internet layer is equivalent to the
network layer, and
the application layer doing the job of the
session, presentation, and application
layers.
TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP
Transmission control Protocol/Internet
Protocol
Developed by DARPA
No official protocol standard
TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP Network Access
Layer
Also called as Host-to-Network Layer.
Performs all functions of physical Layer and Data Link
Layer.
Exchange of data between end system and network.
Address of host and destination
Prioritization of transmission.
This deals with hardware level, connections as in other
network model.
TCP/IP Model
*TCP/IP
Application TELNET FTP SMTP DNS SNMP DHCP
Presentation
Session RIP
IGMP ICMP
ARP
Data link
Ethernet Token Bus Token Ring FDDI
Physical
TCP/IP Model
Host-to-Network Layer
Protocol
Host to network Layer Defines two protocols
SLIP
PPP
SLIP and PPP Protocols allow a user to dial
into an ISP over Telephone Line.
TCP/IP Model
SLIP
SLIP-Serial Line Internet Protocol.
It designed to work over serial ports and
modem connections.
Defines a sequence of bytes that frame IP
packets on a serial line.
Commonly used for point-to-point serial
connections running TCP/IP.
It is designed to transmit signals over a serial
connection and has very low overhead.
TCP/IP Model
PPP
PPP means point to point protocol.
It is a much more developed protocol than
SLIP(which is why it is replacing it).
It transfers additional data, better suited to
data transmission over the Internet.
PPP is More Complex than SLIP.
TCP/IP Model
SLIP Vs PPP
Serial Line Internet Protocol does not In PPP, LCP (Line Control Protocol) is
establish or maintain connection responsible for establishing,
between the client and ISP server. maintaining and termination
connection between two end points.
ARP Protocol
ARP sends the IP broadcast message to all the
computer on the network.
The computer whose IP address matches the
broadcast IP address sends a reply and along
with its physical address to the broadcasting
computer.
All other computers ignore the broadcast
message
TCP/IP Model
ARP Request:
What is the MAC address
of 128.143.71.1?
TCP/IP Model
ARP Reply:
The MAC address of 128.143.71.1
is 00:e0:f9:23:a8:20
TCP/IP Model
RARP
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol.
If we have to obtain the IP address
corresponding to the given Ethernet address.
RARP works in very similar way of ARP, but in
exactly opposite direction.
The RARP server looks at this request.
Then it looks up the Ethernet address in its
configuration files and sends back the
corresponding IP address.
TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP Model
DHCP clients obtain a DHCP lease for an IP address, a subnet mask, and various
DHCP options from DHCP servers in a four-step process:
DHCP DISCOVER: The client broadcasts a request for a DHCP server.
DHCPOFFER: DHCP servers on the network offer an address to the client.
DHCPREQUEST: The client broadcasts a request to lease an address from one
of the offering DHCP servers.
DHCPACK: The DHCP server that the client responds to acknowledges the
client, assigns it any configured DHCP options, and updates its DHCP database.
The client then initializes and binds its TCP/IP protocol stack and can begin
network communication.
SMTP
SMTP is simple mail transfer protocol.
It is connection oriented text based protocol.
Sender communicates with receiver using a command
and supplying data over reliable TCP connection.
SMTP is standard application layer protocol for
delivery of email over TCP/IP network.
SMTP establish a TCP connection between Sender And
port number 25 of receiver.
FTP
FTP is used for copying a file from one host to the
other.
Some of the problem in transferring files :
Two systems may use different file name conventions.
Two systems may represent text data in different types.
The directory structure of the two systems may be different.
FTP provides a simple solution to all these problems.
FTP established two connections between the client
and server.
One is for data transfer and the other is for the control
information.
OSI reference model TCP/IP network model
It has 7 layers It has 4 layers
Transport layer guarantees Transport layer does not
delivery of packets guarantees delivery of packets
Horizontal approach Vertical approach
Separate presentation layer No presentation layer
Separate session layer No session layer