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Contexts of Communication-1

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Contexts of Communication-1

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Jessica
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CONTEXTS OF

COMMUNICATION
CAPE COMMUNICATION STUDIES
CONTEXTS OF COMMUNICATION

 More on Context

 As stated earlier, the context of communication is its environment. Context is


particularly important in choosing the types of verbal and non-verbal
communication we use every day.
a) A doctor does not wear short pants and slippers at the clinic; this would be
inappropriate.
b) A lawyer may choose to speak in simple language to a client while using
more complex language to a colleague.
c) A hip-hop star covers himself in “bling” and speaks a version of English that
is not standard when addressing his fans.
 All of these are examples how communication context influences form of
communication.
CONTEXTS OF COMMUNICATION

 INTRAPERSONAL
 INTERPERSONAL
 SMALL GROUP
 ORGANIZATIONAL/INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT
 ACADEMIC CONTEXT
 INTERCULTURAL CONTEXT
 MASS COMMUNICATION
Intrapersonal communication

 is an internal process of communicating with the self.


 It may be more commonly recognized as the "little voice in your
head" or "self-talk”.
 The individual becomes his or her own sender and receiver,
providing feedback to him-herself in an ongoing internal process
 Eg. Daydreaming, fantasizing, making gestures while thinking
Interpersonal communication

 is the process by which two or more persons exchange information,


feelings, and meaning through verbal and non-verbal messages: it is
face-to-face or close proximity
 Eg. Conversations, interview, dialogues
CONTEXTS OF COMMUNICATION

 Research Bateman and Zeithaml’s (1990) six styles of interpersonal


communication in the workplace.
 Read page 27-29 of Communication Studies for CAPE Examinations,
Simon and Osbourne (2009)
SMALL GROUP

 Communication that occurs in groups of two to ten persons.


 This is ideal for discussion, committee work in institutions of
academics.
 There is a set goal to work towards
 Has a leader, activities geared towards a common purpose and
sharing of ideas.
SMALL GROUP

 Panel discussion
 Group discussion in the classroom
 Chat room
 Video conferencing
 Audio conferencing
 List server
ORGANIZATIONAL

 Ways and modes by which messages are transmitted within complex


and large institutions of business, education, church and government.
 Communication is vertical (downward or upward), horizontal,
grapevine
ORGANIZATIONAL

 Formal means of communicating in an organizational context


 eg. Email (internet or intranet), memorandum, newsletters, policy
documents, job description
 Informal – eg. Face to face, grapevine, telephone
 Information may be communicated through staff meeting, briefings,
project meetings
Academic Context

 Academic communication comes in various forms.


Aural, oral and written communication are all part of
the genre of academic communication.

 Listening
 Taking notes
 Asking questions
 Summarizing
 Lab reports
 Projects
 Working in small groups
Academic Context

 Lecturer academic communication includes


 Lecturer notes
 Lectures (with or without the use of media including PowerPoint)
 Course outlines
 Academic research papers
 Books
 Professional/scholarly journals
Intercultural Context

 Cross cultural communication involving how people from differing


cultural backgrounds endeavour to communicate.
 Includes knowing how to communicate without being offensive
 Be aware of and analyze the differing cultural patterns of the world.
Actitvity

 Discuss the difference between interpersonal and intrapersonal


communication
 What types of academic communication have you been exposed to?
 What formal methods of communication are used to pass on
information at your school?
Activity cont’d

 You are in a meeting with individuals from the United States and
China. All participants speak English. What are some of the issues
you would need to be aware of before joining the meeting that would
aid in effective small group communication?
 If you were to live with a Chinese family in China for four years what
aspects of the culture do you think you should investigate so as to
avoid offending your hosts?
Mass communication

 This type of communication involves transmission of a message from


a single source to large numbers of receivers.
 This includes the use of radio, television, video, the internet,
newspapers and magazines
CONTEXTS OF COMMUNICATION

 * When deciding on which form of communication to use, always ask yourself this:
 * Who am I communicating with?
 * What is the attitude of my audience?
 * Where is this communication act taking place?

 Usually, communication contexts occur along a scale from formal to informal. Formal
contexts require certain types of communication and communicative behaviours; informal
contexts require others. A conversation between employer and employee, for example, is not
the same as one between friends, even if the subject matter under discussion is the same.

 Basically, a formal situation is one where behaviour is dictated by social norms and patterns,
and an informal situation is one where there are no constraints on behaviour and
communication.
 Adapted from http://comm-ss.blogspot.com/2007/10/communications-forms-and-
contexts.html
 Questions?
ACTIVITY

 Name three modern technological devices that aid effective


communication.

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