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Animation

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Ali kombo hassan
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20 views

Animation

Uploaded by

Ali kombo hassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Graphics and Multimedia

Design: CS 3219
Animation
What is animation
• A sequence of images that create the
illusion of movement when played in
succession.
• Here are some simple examples:
Four Stroke

Why use animation? Engine

Easier to show somebody how


something works then to try and
explain it.
Also animation:
◦ Indicate movement

◦ Illustrate change over time

◦ Visualize three-dimensional objects

◦ Attracts attention
How

does animation work?
Simulation of movement through a series of
pictures that have objects in slightly different
positions
Each drawing is called a frame (a snapshot of
what’s happening at a particular moment)
Required Frames Per Second FPS:
◦ Movies on film  24 fps
◦ TV 30 fps
 9000 frames for five minute cartoon
◦ Computer animation  12 to15 fps
Jerky if anything less
Frame Rate (Frames Per Second FPS)
• Frame Rate: indicates the playback
speed of the animation in frames per
second
▫ Low frame rate appears choppy
▫ Question: BUT high frame rate can also
appear choppy, WHY?
 Answer: if the computer playing the
animation is not fast enough to process and
display the frames.
2-D Animation
• two types of 2-D animation:
▫ Cel Animation (also called traditional
animation, classical animation, hand-drawn
animation, frame by frame animation)
▫ Path Based Animation
• Both types still are made of frames:
▫ The more frames per second, the more
believable the movement will be.
▫ The more frames per second, the bigger the
final version of the movie file will be (more
bytes)
Cel Animation

An animator must HAND draw every single frame!


To simplify, one background is drawn and then the
item that will move is drawn on a clear sheet of
plastic (a cel), one drawing for each frame.
When moving to the next scene, just change the
background
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbhCUPwSrp0&f
eature=player_embedded
Examples
• Sports video games
▫ Madden Football
• Many movie characters
▫ Phantom Menace
• Cartoons
Motion Capture Strengths
• Exactly captures the motions of the actor
▫ Michael Jordan’s video game character will
capture his style
• Easy to capture data
Motion Capture Weaknesses
• Noise, noise, noise!
• Magnetic system inteference
• Visual system occlusions
• Mechanical system mass
• Tethered (wireless is available now)
Motion Capture Weaknesses
• Aligning motion data with CG character
▫ Limb lengths
▫ Idealized perfect joints
• Reusing motion data
▫ Difficult to scale in size (must also scale in
time)
▫ Changing one part of motion
Motion Capture Weaknesses
• Blending segments
▫ Motion clips are short (due to range and
tethers)
▫ Dynamic motion generation requires
blending at run time
▫ Difficult to manage smooth transition
Cel Animation
Question: What was the first full length
cel based animated movie?
Hints:
◦ Debuted in 1937
◦ Over 350,000 frames
◦ Over 1,500,000 pen and ink drawings
Path Based Animation
Pick:
◦ a starting point for an object, (start frame)
◦ an ending point for an object (end frame)
◦ a path for the object to follow
And then the computer generated all the
frames in between (called TWEENING), so that
the artist doesn’t have to draw the intermediate
frames (like the artist did in cel based
animation)
Path Based Animation
Question: What name do we give to the start
frame and the end frame? (not the frames that
are computer generated, rather the frames
drawn by us?)
Question: Why is the act of generating the
frames in between the first frame and the last
frame called tweening?
Question: The path the object follows have to
be a straight line, TRUE or FALSE?
Question: What software allows us to do path
based animation?
Path Based Animation Software
• The software that generates the frames
has features such as:
▫ Looping
▫ Transition (Fade in and Fade out)
▫ Repetitions  allows the user to pick how
many times the animation repeats
▫ Setting the Frames Per Second
What can we do to change the
motion?
• If the animation appears too slow, we
can speed up the motion by:
▫ Reduce the number of frames (say pull out
every other frame)
OR
▫ Increase the frame rate (go from 10fps to
20fps)
Procedural Animation
• Very general term for a technique that
puts more complex algorithms behind the
scenes
• Technique attempts to consolidate artistic
efforts in algorithms and heuristics
• Allows for optimization and physical
simulation
Procedural Animation
Strengths
• Animation can be generated ‘on the fly’
• Dynamic response to user
• Write-once, use-often
• Algorithms provide accuracy and
exhaustive search that animators cannot
Procedural Animation
Weaknesses
• We’re not great at boiling human skill
down to algorithms
▫ How do we move when juggling?
• Difficult to generate
• Expensive to compute
• Difficult to force system to generate a
particular solution
▫ Bicycles will fall down
2-D Animation Terminology
• Question: What do these terms mean?
▫ Keyframe
▫ Tweening
3-D Animation

• 3-Dimension animation involves 3 steps:


▫ Modelling
▫ Rendering
▫ Animating
• Demo
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgsnix
OJJFw&feature=relmfu
3-D Animation
This is a website
where all the
images are created
by ray tracing and
computers, yet they
look amazingly real
(Check out the Hall
of Fame):
Special Effects Animation
Morphing:
◦ An Animation
◦ Process of blending together two
images into a series of images
◦ Useful for showing how image might
change over time
◦ Morphing done in 2D but usually in
3D because subjects chosen
Warping:
◦ Distorts a single image
◦ Warp frown into smile
More Special Effects
Virtual Reality: Creates environment where user
becomes part of the experience
Examples:
◦ Boeing: flight simulators of airplane cockpits (hydraulic
controlled on legs)
◦ CD based adventure games – point and go thru doors,
stairs
◦ Hand-held equipment allows person to interact with
environment
A 2D cockpit for a Boeing
737. Some gauges are
retained from the default
MSFS 737, while others are
modernized. Some non-
functional controls are
included in the dashboard.
Animated GIFS
 Question: What do you think the file size of an animated gif is
affected by:
◦ Size of the gif (frame dimensions)
◦ Number of colors
◦ Number of frames
 Question: What do you think is the maximum number of colours
you can have in an animated gif?
 No Plug-ins Required: Animated GIFs require no plug-ins, and
the authoring tools to create them are often free and easy to learn.
 No Sound: If you need sound in addition to motion, you cannot
use an animated GIF by itself. Instead, you may want to consider
other animation alternatives, such as Flash, or even video

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