Evaluation Of Delamination In

Drilling Areca Fiber Epoxy Based

Composite

By,
Aravind U R – MCE19ME027
Irthik Lal – MCE19ME040 Under the guidance of,
Mohammed Niyaz Anfar – MCE19ME050 Prof. Sonia S. Raj
Roshin Sajjanan – MCE19ME064
R.Rohith – MCE19ME065
 Objectives
• Fabrication of a series of areca fiber reinforced epoxy composites with
varying the weight percentage of marble powder.
• Experimental investigation of Machining properties of these fabricated
composites.
• To study the effect of fiber content and filler on drilling behaviour of
the fabricated composites.

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 Methodology

• Selection of Fiber& Matrix

• Selection of Filler

Extraction of Fibers

Preparation of
samples for studying
the drilling
characteristics

Investigation of
machining property

Compare the results with other composites

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1.Material collection
• Areca nut is the fruit of Areca palm tree (Areca catechu), a species of palm.
• The fruits of Areca catechu are in form of round or oval in shape.
• The Areca nut husk is the fibrous part of the fruit, which equals to
approximately 60 to 80 % of total volume and weight of Areca nut.

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Contd.
• India is one of the biggest areca nut producer and consumer in the world as per the
report from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)[11].
• Agro-waste is defined as the waste which is produced from various agriculture
activities. Agro-waste is usually produced through farming activities.
• The accumulation of agro-waste may cause health, safety, environmental, and aesthetic
concern. Thus, this represents a problem which requires safe disposal.[12]

State Area Production Yield

( ha) (tonnes) (kg/ha)
Karnataka 218.04 457.56 2099
Kerala 100.01 100.02 1000
Assam 68.04 89..00 1308
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Areca Production

• Fruit consists of approximately 60% husk, which means an estimated

333,200 tonnes of husk was generated as biomass in India alone.

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1.Areca nut Fibers
• Light weight, strong.
• Having a high strength-to-weight ratio.
• Areca fibers are biodegradable, non-toxic & eco-friendly.

Chemical composition of betel nut husk fiber Physical properties of betel nut husk (BNH)fiber.

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2. Marble Powder
• High solubility.
• Low hardness.
• They are biodegradable, non-toxic & eco-friendly.

Chemical composition of marble powder Physical properties of marble powder

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2.Extraction of Fibers
• Areca fruits were soaked in water at room temperature for 5 -10 days to
loosen the fiber from the husk.
• The Areca nut fibers were separated manually from the nut portion by hand
stripping method.
• Then the extracted fibers were washed thoroughly with distilled water.
• They are then sun dried for three days to reduce the moisture content.
• The extracted fibers were treated with 6% NaOH solution for 6 hours.

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Steps In Areca Nut Fiber Preparation

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3. Epoxy resin 190AE and Hardener HE 355

Medium viscosity epoxy resin (190 AE)

Density 1.1g/cm3
Density of hardener 0.95g/cm3

Epoxy resin and hardener

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4.Filler

• Marble powder is used as filler.

• It is a good natural filler material derived from the cutting of marble
pieces.
• It is a biodegradable material.
• Reinforcing of particulate fillers into polymer matrix has been proved to
be an effective way of improving the
tribological and mechanical
properties of the matrix.

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5. Sample preparation for drilling process

• The hand lay-up technique was used for preparation of the samples .
• A mold of dimension (15x7x2) mm was used for casting the composite sheet.
• A mold release sheet was applied at the inner surface of the mold for quick and easy
release of the composite sheet.
• The matrix was prepared by mixing epoxy and hardener and the ratio were
maintained as 10:4.
• The weighted amount of areca fibers 30% and (0, 1, 2, 3% by weight) marble powder
were mixed along with the matrix and it is poured in to the mould.

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 Test parameter for drilling

Test Parameters Unit Values

Spindle speed r/min 720,1152,1800

Feed mm/rev 0.05,0.10,0.15

Depth of cut mm 6

Tool diameter mm 10

 To study the effect of cutting parameters on delamination size in the areca fiber
reinforced hybrid composites during drilling process.

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Applications
• Building and construction areas such as ceiling, partition, window panels ,
door frames , door rails and hinges.
• Production of bearing components used in automobile industries, such as
gears, wheels and bushes
• Furniture and storage devices.
• Automobile applications such as dash boards, bumper etc.
• Eco friendly & cost effective organic brake pad by using fabricated hybrid
composites.

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Results
Delamination Factor

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Delamination During Drilling
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Observations
Levels of Independent Factors

Sample Spindle Feed Filler Delamination at

Number entrance Delamination at exit
Sl No. Speed Rate Content
(Di) (Do)
(rpm) (mm/rev) (wt%)

1 720 0.05 0 1.0320 1.042

2 720 0.10 0 1.1540 1.154
3 720 0.15 0 1.1990 1.2000
4 1152 0.05 0 1.1056 1.1
5 1 1152 0.10 0 1.214 1.2
6 1152 0.15 0 1.255 1.265
7 1800 0.05 0 1.132 1.232
8 1800 0.10 0 1.154 1.254
9 1800 0.15 0 1.199 1.299
10 720 0.05 1 1.0960 1.099
11 720 0.10 1 1.1700 1.172
12 720 0.15 1 1.2850 1.288
13 1152 0.05 1 1.194 1.21
14 2 1152 0.10 1 1.294 1.34
15 1152 0.15 1 1.3250 1.355
16 1800 0.05 1 1.196 1.266
17 1800 0.10 1 1.207 1.287
18 1800 0.15 1 1.285 1.357
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19 720 0.05 2 1.0050 1.007

20 720 0.10 2 1.3540 1.264

21 720 0.15 2 1.3140 1.334

22 1152 0.05 2 1.166 1.266

23 3 1152 0.10 2 1.266 1.486

24 1152 0.15 2 1.288 1.58

25 1800 0.05 2 1.22 1.342

26 1800 0.10 2 1.284 1.48

1800 0.15 2 1.314 1.56
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28 720 0.05 3 1.2340 1.239

29 720 0.10 3 1.3940 1.4

30 720 0.15 3 1.5430 1.553

31 1152 0.05 3 1.14 1.25

32 4 1152 0.10 3 1.28 1.38

33 1152 0.15 3 1.31 1.45

34 1800 0.05 3 1.234 1.434

35 1800 0.10 3 1.394 1.494

36 1800 0.15 3 1.443 1.643

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Conclusions
 From the calculations of delamination factor, it’s found that delamination factor is
minimum for the specimen 1 (d1) for the three feed rates.

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