Lesson Objectives
By the end of this lesson students should be able
to:
⮚Define manufacturing and processing industry
⮚Name and locate on a map examples of
manufacturing industries in Jamaica and the
Caribbean
⮚Explain the importance of manufacturing
industries in Jamaica and the Caribbean
⮚Classify manufacturing industries
What comes to mind when you
hear the word Manufacturing?
Manufacturing Industry
• Manufacturing industries may also be referred
to as secondary economic activities
• They process raw materials from the primary
sector or assemble products into finished or
manufactured products.
• This may be done by hand or machines
Manufacturing industries in the
Caribbean
Traditional products –
• Food e.g. Jamaica, Trinidad, Belize
• Beverages e.g. Jamaica, Trinidad
Non-traditional products –
• Petroleum products e.g. Trinidad
• Chemicals e.g. Trinidad
Where are these produced?
IMPORTANCE OF MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
It contributes to the country’s GDP.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is
the monetary value of all finished
goods and services made within a
country during a specific period.
GDP – contributed 8.3% in 2014
(Jamaica)
GDP - contributed 8.4% in 2013
(Jamaica)
IMPORTANCE OF MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
It provides employment
Employment – approximately 7%
of labour force
71,875 in 2013
72,900 in 2014
Importance of manufacturing
Foreign exchange
• Value of exports in
2012 – US$ 938
million
• Value of exports in
2015 -
2015 – US$1054.2
million
ACTIVITY
Manufacturing industries in Trinidad
Use the Industry map of your atlas to
answer the following questions:
i. Name two major industrial areas in Trinidad.
ii. Identify two types of food processing
industries.
iii.Identify five other types of industries (that
are not involved in food processing.
ACTIVITY
Manufacturing industries in Trinidad
Use the oil and natural gas flow diagram
on in your atlas to answer the following
questions:
i. Identify four products processed from
natural gas.
ii. Identify four products processed from
gasoline.
iii.Identify five products processed from
hydrocarbon gases.
ACTIVITY
Use the Industry maps in your atlas to
complete the following table.
Country Food Processing Other manufacturing
Guyana 1.
2.
Barbados 1.
2.
Puerto Rico 1.
2.
Lesson Objectives
By the end of this lesson students should be
able to:
⮚Classify manufacturing industries under the
following headings
⮚ Scale of operation
⮚ Quantity of raw materials
⮚ Pattern of ownership
⮚ Type of product
Can you identify the following
products and the industry under
which they fall?
Classification of
Manufacturing Industries
Quantity
Scale of
of raw
Industry
materials
Pattern of Type of
ownership product
Classifying by scale
a. Craft/cottage industry –
• these are small family-owned industries
• They generally use local materials and
traditional technology to produce goods
• Goods are produced for the local market,
for export, or for the tourist trade
Craft/cottage industry
Craft/cottage industry
Classifying by scale
b. Factory Industry
These are larger scale industries which:
• use modern machinery
• employ a sizeable work force
• produce goods for the national or
international markets.
Factory industry
Classifying by scale
c. Industrial Estates
• Many factory industries are grouped
together on a planned industrial estate.
• Some industrial estates are set by
government agencies e.g. Kingston Free
Zone, Garmex Free Zone and Montego Bay
Free Zone in Jamaica and Point Lisas
• Some industrial estates are privately owned
Industrial estate
Classifying by quantity of raw materials
1. Heavy industry – These industries operate
in very large factories with expensive
machinery and equipment.
• They also use a large volume of raw
materials
• Examples include iron and steel, oil refining
and aluminium smelting
Heavy industry
Heavy industry
Light industry
• These industries use less raw materials
and heavy machinery.
• They tend to use less capital and more
labour than heavy industries
• Examples include clothing manufacturing
and consumer electronics
Light industry
Classifying by pattern of
ownership
• SMALL BUSINESS
1.
• COMPANIES
2.
• MULTINATIONALS
3.
Small businesses
• These businesses are owned and operated
by an individual, partners or a small
company
• Small businesses may operate successfully
in craft industries or in some high
technology field such as electronics.
Small businesses
Companies
• These businesses are usually owned by
larger companies
• These companies can operate a factory
employing a large number of people
• They produce for both the local and export
markets
Companies
Companies
Multi-national corporations
• These are large holding companies that
own and control operations in many
countries.
• They usually have a centralized head office
where they coordinate global management
• Multinationals produce and sell a wide
range of different goods and services, and
may own hundreds of well known brand
names.
Multinational corporations
By type of product
Industries may be classified into groups and
sub-groups based on products:
• Food and drinks
• Clothing and textiles
• Wood and wood products
• Paper, printing and publishing
• Chemicals and refining
• Metal products
ACTIVITY
With the use of examples,
explain how manufacturing
industries are classified by
ownership.
