FUNCTION

Concepts

Domain:
The domain of a function is the complete set of possible values of the
independent variable.
In plain English, this definition means: The domain is the set of all possible
x-values which will make the function "work", and will output real y-values.

Range of a function:
Range or image is the set of the second elements of ordered pairs, i.e. the
set of y-coordinates.
 Concepts

When finding the domain, remember:

● The denominator (bottom) of a fraction cannot be zero

● The number under a square root sign must be positive in this section
 Question:
Q01

Find the domain of the definition of the function y = 1/(x–|x|) 1/2.

A. –•<x<•
B. –•<x<0
C. 0<x<•
D. No where
 Explanation: Q01

x –|x| is either negative for x < 0 or 0 for x ≥ 0. Thus, option (d) is

correct.
 Question: Q02

If f(t) = (t – 1)/(t +1), then f(f(t)) will be equal

to

A. 1/t
B. –1/t
C. t
D. -t
 Explanation: Q02

f(f(t)) = f((t – 1)/(t + 1))

[(t-1/t+1)-1]/[(t-1/t+1)+1]
–2/2t = –1/t.
 Question: Q03

Which of the following functions is an even

function?

A. f(t) = (at +a–t)/(at – a–t)

B. f(t) = (at +1)/(at – 1)
C. f(t) = t.(at -1)/(at + 1)
D. None of these
 Explanation: Q03

For none of these is f(t) = f(–t)

Thus,Option (d) is correct.
 Question: Q04

Find fof if f(t) = t/(1+ t2)1/2

A. 1/(1+2t2)1/2
B. t/(1+2t2)1/2
C. (1+2t2)
D. None of these
 Explanation: Q04

f(f(t)) = f[t/(1+ t2)1/2] = t/(1+ t2)1/2

 Question: Q05

Inverse of f(t) = (10t-10–t)/(10t +10–t) is

A. 1/2 log {(1 – t)/(1 + t)}

B. 0.5 log {(t – 1)/(t +1)}
C. (1+2t2)
D. None of these
Explanation: Q05

B
 Question: Q06

If f(x) = |x – 2| ,then which of the following

is always true?

A. f(x) = (f(x))2
B. f(x) = f(–x)
C. f(x) = x-2
D. None of these
 Explanation: Q06

Take different values of n to check each option.

Each of Options (a),(b) and (c) can be ruled out.

Hence, Option (d) is correct.

 Question: Q07

Read the instructions below and solve:

f(x) = f(x –2) – f(x –1),x is a natural number
f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1
The value of f(x) is negative for

A. All x>2
B. All odd x(x > 2)
C. For all even x(x > 0)
D. f(x) is always positive
 Explanation: Q07

It can be seen that f(x) is positive wherever x is even

and negative whenever x is odd.
 Question: Q08

Read the instructions below and solve:

f(x) = f(x –2) – f(x –1),x is a natural number
f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1
The value of f[f(6)] is

A. 5
B. -1
C. -3
D. -2
 Explanation: Q08

f(f(6) =f(5) = –3.

 Question: Q09

Read the instructions below and solve:

f(x) = f(x –2) – f(x –1),x is a natural number
f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1

If f(x) is a function satisfying f(x).f(1/x) = f(x)

+f(1/x) and f(4)=65,what will be the value of
f(6)?

A. 37
B. 217
C. 64
D. None of these
 Explanation: Q09

We have f(x) ◊ f(1/x) = f(x) + f(1/x) fi f(1/x) [f(x)

– 1] = f(x)

For x = 4, we have f(1/4) [f(4) – 1] = f(4) fi f(1/4)

[64] = 65 fi f(1/4) = 65/64 = 1/64 + 1

This means f(x)= x3+1.For f(6) we have

f(6)=216+1=217.
 Question: Q10

Suppose x and y are real numbers.Let f(x, y) = |

x +y| ,F(f(x,y)) = –f(x, y) and G(f(x,y)) = –F(f(x,
y))

Which one of the following is true?

A. F(f(x,y)).G(f(x,y))= –F(f(x,y)).G.(f(x,y))
B. F(f(x,y)).G(f(x,y))< –F(f(x,y)).G.(f(x,y))
C. G(f(x,y)).f(x,y)= F(f(x,y)).(f(x,y)
D. G(f(x,y)).F(f(x,y))= f(x,y).f(x,y)
 Explanation: Q10

F(x, y) is always positive

F(f(x, y) is always negative

G(f(x, y) is always positive

F× G would always be negative while – F × G

would always be positive.

Hence, Option (b) F× G < – F × G is correct.

 Question: Q11

Suppose x and y are real numbers. Let f(x, y) = |

x +y| , F(f(x,y)) = –f(x, y) and G(f(x,y)) = – F(f(x,
y))

Which of the following has a2 as the result?

A. F(f(a,–a)).G(f(a,–a))
B. –F(f(a,a).G(f(a,a))/4
C. F(f(a, a)).G(f(a, a))/22
D. f(a,a).f(a,a)
 Explanation: Q11

Option (b) can be seen to give us 4a2/4 = a2.

 Question: Q12

Suppose x and y are real numbers. Let f(x, y) = |x +y| , F(f(x,y)) = –f(x, y)
and G(f(x,y)) = – F(f(x, y))

Now if A(f(x, y) = f(x,y) , B(f(x,y) = –f(x, y) , C(f(x,y) = f(x,y), D(f(x, y)= –

f(x, y) and similarly Z (f(x,y) = –f(x,y) Now, solve the following:

Find the value of A(f(0,1)) + B(f(1,2)) + C(f(2,3)) +…+ Z(f(25,26)).

A. -50
B. –52
C. -26
D. None of these
 Explanation: Q12

A (f(x, y)) is positive

B (f(x, y)) is negative

C (f(x, y)) is positive

D (f(x, y)) is positive

E (f(x, y)) is positive and so on.

1 – 3 + 5 – 7 + 9 – 11 + …. – 51

= (1 + 5+ 9+ 13 + …49) – (3+ 7+ 11...+ 51) = –26

 Question: Q13

Suppose x and y are real numbers. Let f(x, y) = |x +y| ,F(f(x,y)) = –

f(x, y) and G(f(x,y)) = – F(f(x, y))

Now if A(f(x, y) = f(x,y) , B(f(x,y) = –f(x, y) , C(f(x, y) = f(x,y), D(f(x, y) =

–f(x, y) and similarly Z (f(x,y) = –f(x,y) . Which of the following is true?

(i) A(f(0,1)) < B(f(1, 2))< C(f(2, 3)…

(ii) A(f(0,1)).B(f(1,2))>B(f(1,2)).C(f(2,3)) > C(f(2,3)).D(f(3,4))

(iii) A(f(0,0)) =B(f(0,0))= C(f(0,0))= … =Z(f(0,0))

A. Only (i) and (ii)

B. Only (ii) and (iii)
C. Only (ii)
D. Only (i)
 Explanation: Q13

Verify each statement to see that (ii) and (iii) are

true.
 Question: Q14

If F(x,n) be the number of ways of distributing “x”

toys to “n” children so that each child receives at
the most 2 toys, then F(4,3) = ___?

A. 2
B. 6
C. 3
D. 4
 Explanation: Q14

The number of ways of distributing n identical things to r people such

that any person can get any number of things including 0 is always given
by n+r–1Cr–1. In the case of F(4,3), the value of n= 4 and r=3 and hence
the total number of ways without any constraints would be given by 4+3–

1
C3–1 = 6C2 = 15. However, out of these 15 ways of distributing the toys,
we cannot count any way in which more than 2 toys are given to any one
child. Hence, we need to reduce as follows:

The distribution of 4 toys as (3, 1, 0) amongst three children A,B and C can
be done in 3!= 6 ways. Also, the distribution of 4 toys as (4, 0, 0) amongst
three children A, B and C can be done in 3 ways. Hence,the value of F(4, 3)
= 15 – 6 – 3 = 6. Option (b) is correct.
 Question: Q15

Consider a function f (x) = x4 + x3 + x2 + x +

1, where x is a positive integer greater than 1.
What will be the remainder if f (x5) is divided
by f(x)?

A. 1
B. 4
C. 5
D. A monomial in x
E. A polynomial in x
 Explanation: Q15

The value of f(x) as given is:f(x)= x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1 = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5. This

can be visualised as a geometric progression with 5 terms with the first term 1 and
common ratio x. The sum of the GP= f(x) = X5-1/X -1

The value of f(x5) = x20+x15+ x10 +x5+1 and this can be rewritten as: F(x5)= (x20–1)+(x15–
1
)+(x10–1)+(x5–1)+ 5.When this expression is divided by f(x)= X5-1/X -1, we get each of
the first four terms of the expression would be divisible by it, i.e. (x 20–1) would be
divisible by f(x)=X5-1/X -1, and would leave no remainder (because x20–1 can be rewritten
in the form X5-1 × (x15 + x10 + x5 + 1) and when you divide this expression by X5-1/X -1

we get the remainder as 0). A similar logic would also hold for the terms (x 15–1), (x10–
1
) and (x5–1).The only term that would leave a remainder would be 5 when it is divided
by X5-1/X -1Also, for x≥2 we can see the value of X5-1/X -1
would be more than 5.Hence,
the remainder…(i) would always be 5 and Option (c) is the correct answer.
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