Chapter 8
Network Trouble
Shooting
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
What is Network
Troubleshooting?
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Network
Troubleshootin
g
is the collective measures and processes used to identify, diagnose and resolve
problems and issues within a computer network. It is a systematic process
that aims to resolve problems and restore normal network operations within
the network. Network Troubleshooting is primarily done by network engineers
or administrators to repair or optimize a network. It is generally done to
recover and establish network or internet connections or end nodes/devices.
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Troubleshooting
Process
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Troubleshooting Process
General Troubleshooting
Procedures
Troubleshooting can be time consuming because networks differ, problems
differ, and troubleshooting experience varies.
• Using a structured troubleshooting method will shorten overall
troubleshooting time.
• There are several troubleshooting processes that can be used to solve a
problem.
• The figure displays the logic flowchart of a simplified three-stage
troubleshooting process.
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Troubleshooting Process
Seven-Step Troubleshooting Process
The figure displays a more detailed seven-step troubleshooting process.
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Troubleshooting Process
Question End Users
The table provides questioning guidelines and sample on open ended end-user questions.
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Troubleshooting Process
Troubleshooting with
Layered Models
The OSI and TCP/IP models can be applied to isolate network
problems when troubleshooting. The figure shows some
common devices and the OSI layers that must be examined
during the troubleshooting process for that device.
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Troubleshooting Process
Structured Troubleshooting Methods
Different troubleshooting approaches that can be used include the following.
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Troubleshooting Process
Guidelines for Selecting a
Troubleshooting Method
To quickly resolve network problems, take the time to select
the most effective network
troubleshooting method.
• The figure illustrates which method could be used when a
certain type of problem is discovered.
• Troubleshooting is a skill that is developed by doing it.
• Every network problem you identify and solve gets added to
your skill set.
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Network utilities
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Examples of what the Network Network Utilities
Utility can help with: Network Utilities provides a variety tools that can be used
1. Check your network related to computer network information gathering and
connection analysis.
2. View network routing tables
and statistics Network Utility shows information about each of your network
3. Test whether you can contact connections, including the Mac Address of the interface, the IP
another computer addresses assigned to it, its speed and status, a count of data
4. Test your DNS server packets sent and received, and a count of transmission errors
5. Trace the paths of your and collisions.
network traffic
6. Check for open TCP ports
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Network utilities
Ipconfig
Ipconfig displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values
and refreshes Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and
Domain Name System (DNS) settings.
• Displays current info of your network
• IP address of system
• IP add of router X
The syntax for using ipconfig is: >ipconfig/parameter_name. For
example, "ipconfig /all" displays the entire TCP/IP configuration
of all available network adapters.
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Network utilities
ipconfig
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Network utilities
Ipconfig/all
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Network utilities
Ping
is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer the user is
trying to reach is actually operating. Ping works by sending an
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request to a
specified interface on the network and waiting for a reply. Ping
can be used for troubleshooting to test connectivity and
determine response time.
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Network utilities
Ping with Ip Address – when active
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Network utilities
Ping with Ip Address – when not
active
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Network utilities
Tracert/Traceroute
is a Windows based command-line tool that you can use to
trace the path that an Internet Protocol (IP) packet takes to its
destination from a source.
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Network utilities
NsLookup
Nslookup is the name of a program that lets an Internet server
administrator or any computer user enter a host name (for
example, "whatis.com") and find out the corresponding IP
address. It will also do reverse name lookup and find the host
name for an IP address you specify.
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Network utilities
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
is a protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address (IP
address) to a physical machine address that is recognized in the
local network.
For example, in IP Version 4, the most common level of IP in use
today, an address is 32 bits long.
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Network utilities
Netstat
is a common command line TCP/IP networking utility available
in most versions of Windows, Linux, UNIX and other operating
systems. Netstat provides information and statistics about
protocols in use and current TCP/IP network connections. (The
name words network and statistics.)
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Network utilities
Nbstat
allows a refresh of the NetBIOS name cache and the names
registered with Windows Internet Name Service (WINS). Used
without parameters, nbtstat displays help.
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Network
Documentation
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Network Documentation
Types of Network Topology Network Topology Diagram
Diagrams
1. Physical Topology Diagram A Network Topology Diagram is a visual representation of a
Purpose: Shows the actual network's physical or logical structure. It shows how different
physical layout of devices and network devices are connected and how data flows through the
connections. network. Creating a clear and accurate network topology
Elements: Physical locations of diagram is essential for network design, troubleshooting, and
network devices (routers, management.
switches, servers), cables, racks,
and other hardware.
2. Logical Topology Diagram
Purpose: Represents the logical
relationships and data flow
between network components.
Elements: Virtual connections, IP
addresses, network segments, and
routing paths.
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Network Documentation
Network device documentation
Network device documentation is a comprehensive record of
the devices that make up your network infrastructure. It is
crucial for managing, troubleshooting, and planning your
Example: network. Here’s a guide on how to effectively document
Device Name: Router1 network devices:
Type: Router
Model Number: Cisco ISR 4331
Serial Number: FDO1234567
Location: Data Center Rack 2
Owner: Network Team
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Network Documentation
Network Baseline
A network baseline is a set of metrics and configurations that
represent the normal operating conditions of a network. It
serves as a reference point for assessing network performance,
detecting anomalies, and troubleshooting issues. Establishing
and maintaining a network baseline is essential for effective
network management and optimization
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Network Documentation
Components of a Network Baseline
1. Performance Metrics
2. Traffic Patterns
3. Network Configuration
4. Security Posture
5. System Performance
6. Application Performance
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Symptoms and
Cause of Network
Problems
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Symptoms and Cause of Network Problems
Physical Layer
a network often presents performance problems. Performance
problems mean that there is a difference between the expected
behavior and the observed behavior, and the system is not
functioning as could be reasonably expected. Failures and
suboptimal conditions at the physical layer not only
inconvenience users but can impact the productivity of the
entire company. Networks that experience these kinds of
conditions usually shut down. Because the upper layers of the
OSI model depend on the physical layer to function, a network
administrator must have the ability to effectively isolate and
correct problems at this layer.
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Symptoms and Cause of Network Problems
Data Link Layer Troubleshooting
troubleshooting Layer 2 problems can be a challenging process.
The configuration and operation of these protocols are critical
to creating a functional, well-tuned network. Layer 2 problems
cause specific symptoms that, when recognized, will help
identify the problem quickly.
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Symptoms and Cause of Network Problems
Network Layer Troubleshooting
Network layer problems include any problem that involves a
Layer 3 protocol, such as IPv4, IPv6, EIGRP, OSPF, etc. The figure
summarizes the symptoms and causes of network layer
network problems.
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Symptoms and Cause of Network Problems
Transport Layer Troubleshooting –
ACLs
Network problems can arise from transport layer problems on
the router, particularly at the edge of the network where traffic
is examined and modified. For instance, both access control
lists (ACLs) and Network Address Translation (NAT) operate at
the network layer and may involve operations at the transport
layer, as shown in the figure.
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Symptoms and Cause of Network Problems
Transport Layer Troubleshooting –
NAT for IPv4
There are several problems with NAT, such as not interacting
with services like DHCP and tunneling. These can include
misconfigured NAT inside, NAT outside, or ACLs. Other issues
include interoperability with other network technologies,
especially those that contain or derive information from host
network addressing in the packet.
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Symptoms and Cause of Network Problems
Application Layer Troubleshooting
Most of the application layer protocols provide user services.
Application layer protocols are typically used for network
management, file transfer, distributed file services, terminal
emulation, and email. New user services are often added, such
as VPNs and VoIP.
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
References
Sagwal, Rubal. (2020). Troubleshooting Network and Network Utilities.
https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/troubleshooting-network-and-network-utilities/129670707#12
Studocu (2021). Week 13 - Network Troubleshooting Module.
https://
www.studocu.com/ph/document/ama-computer-university/bs-information-technology/week-13-net
work-troubleshooting-module/53170420
GeeksforGeeks. (2023, December 20). Network troubleshooting techniques Ping,
Traceroute,PathPing.GeeksforGeeks.
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/network-troubleshooting-techniques/
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
Authors
MR. MARCO ANGELO ADVINCULA MS. YNA KASSANDA BAYSA
• Currently taking Bachelor of Science in • Currently taking Bachelor of Science in
Information Technology - Cauayan Campus
Information Technology - Cauayan Campus
•Mabini District 1, Isabela •Eligibilities: acertificate II in furniture making
(finishing) NC2 passer (2024)
•A resident of Del Pilar, Alicia, Isabela
MR. ART JOHN-ZELLE M. BALUBAL MR. JOHNJAMES L. ALBANO
•Currently taking Bachelor of Science in •Currently taking Bachelor of Science in
Information Technology - Cauayan Campus
Information Technology - Cauayan Campus
•Eligibilities: national certificate II in
• A resident of Labinab. Purok 7.isabela
furniture making (finishing) nc2 passer
(2024)
•·A resident of Magsaysay, Naguilian,
Isabela THANK YOU!
IT NS 5 – Introduction to Network Career Certification
