ADULT LEARNING NOTES

NTA LEVEL SIX

MODULE NAME: ADULT LEARNING
MODULE CODE: CDT 06102
TUTOR: MR. BARAKA REVELIAN
JUSTINE
LECTURE ONE.

• 1. Basic concept related to Adult Learning Theories.

• 2. Concept of Andragogy and Pedagogy Theories

by Malcom Knowles

• 3. Relation of different theories of Adult Learning

ADULT LEARNING CONCEPTS AND THEORIES
Basic concept related to adult learning
theories.
Adult Is a person who is full grown or developed.
OR Is a mature, full developed person.

A person who has reached the age when they are

legally responsible for their actions. A person who
has attained the age of legal majority (18 years).
Basic concept related to adult
learning theories.
• Learning: Is the acquisition of knowledge or skills
through study, experience or being taught.
• Adult Learning: Is a situation where adults are
pursuing education. (Malcom Knowles). OR Refers to
the practice of teaching and engaging adults in
education or skills development.
 Basic concept related to adult learning
theories.
• Adult Learning Theory: This theory was developed by
Malcom Knowles in 1970s. It is also known as
ANDRAGOGY THEORY.

• SO Adult Learning Theory is a concept or study of

how adults learn and how it differs from children. It aims
to show how adults learning is different and identify the
learning styles which suit their best.
FIVE (5) principles of Adult
Learning theory (Andragogy):
• Considering that adults have their own or unique way
of learning, There are five (5) central principle that
explain how to develop training for them:
1. Self-Directed learning; Adults prefer to take
responsibility for their learning, seeking out
knowledge independently and being more
autonomous in the process.
FIVE (5) principles of Adult
Learning theory (Andragogy):
• 2. Experience as a Resource; Adults bring a
wealth of experience to the learning process,
which serves as a valuable resource. This prior
experience shapes how they interpret new
information.
FIVE (5) principles of Adult
Learning theory (Andragogy):
• 3. Relevance and application; Adults are
more motivated to learn when the content is
relevant to their personal or professional lives.
They prefer learning that is practical and can be
immediately applied.
FIVE (5) principles of Adult
Learning theory (Andragogy):
• 4. Readiness to learn; Adults are ready
learn when they perceive a need to know or do
something that will help them meet life’s
demands or achieve goals, especially if
learning is problem-centered rather than
content-centered.
FIVE (5) principles of Adult
Learning theory (Andragogy):
• 5. Problem-solving orientation; Adults are
more focused on learning that helps them solve
real-life problems. They tend to favor a task or
problem-solving approach rather than memorizing
information for its own sake.
FIVE (5) principles of Adult
Learning theory (Andragogy):
• These principles emphasize a learner-centered
approach, where the adult learner’s background,
interest, and needs are central to the
educational experience.
THANK YOU FOR TODAY
PEDAGOGY THEORY
Pedagogy Theory;
Is the theory that deals with the process of
upbringing, teaching , learning social and
cultural development . This theory was
proposed by JOHANN FRIEDERICH HERBART.
It based on the methods of teaching children.
Characteristics of Pedagogy
Theory:
01. Subject centered: it focuses on organizing
learning around specific content areas, such as
Math, Science, History, or literature. Where by
each subject is taught independently, And Teachers
are the main source of information where focus on
assessing student’s understanding of each subject.
Characteristics of Pedagogy
Theory:
02. It based on a student centered
approach: In this approach, students can
learn at their pace and take full responsibility
for learning.
Characteristics of Pedagogy
Theory:
• 03. Constant performance assessment:
pedagogy allows teachers to evaluate individual
student’s performance regularly. This will help
teachers understand if a student is moving
towards their target outcomes or not.
Characteristics of Pedagogy
Theory:
• 04. This learning method encourages
teamwork and collaborative learning
among students: Pedagogy allows students to
meet like-minded people and learn from their
peers.
Characteristics of Pedagogy
Theory:
05. Boost cognitive skills: It focuses on the
evaluation, analysis and compression that help
students to develop cognitive skills.
ADULT LEARNING CONCEPT IN
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES:

• CONCEPTS:

01: Program

Is a set of related measures activities with a

particular long term aim.
 CONCEPTS:

• Adult Learning Program:

• Is the program that aims to provide education
that will enable young as well as mature adults
to improve or supplement their knowledge and
skills within their general subjects.
Types of Adult Learning
Programs:
• There are two types of adult learning
program:
• 01: Formal adult learning program
• 02: Non-Formal learning program
Types of Adult Learning
Programs:
• Formal learning program:
• Is a structured learning program that typically
take place in an education or training
institution. Usually with a set curriculum and
carries credentials.
 Characteristics of formal learning programs:

• It is purposeful, time bound, syllabus oriented and

professional with identifiable objectives and
specifications.
• It is deliberately planned for the purpose of training a
person.
• Consists of imparting instructions through direct
schooling and tuition.
 Characteristics of formal
learning programs:
• Professional teachers with specific qualification and
training are involved and fees have to be dully paid.
Types of Adult Learning
Programs:
• Non-learning program:
Is a structured learning program that takes outside formal
learning environment but within some kind of
organizational framework. OR Is the learning that is
organized by educational institutions but non credential.
Non-formal learning opportunities may be provided in
the work place and through the activities of civil society
organizations and groups.
 Characteristics of non-formal
learning programs:
• Involvement of both public and private sector in the
process

• Learning from experience, home, environment and even

from work.

• It is participatory learning system.

• No need for structured course and curriculum.

 REASONS/MOTIVES BEHIND DESIGNING
ADULT LEARNING PROGRAM
• Raising awareness.

• Provision of new skills/improving the existing skills.

• Need to solve the existing problem or challenge.

• Personal growth/ goal fulfillment.

• Development of social networks and support.

• To provide better or new employment opportunities.

• Needs to generate income.

Obstacles facing Adult Learners:
• Lack of enough learning materials

• Lack of enough facilitator

• Financial barrier

• Contradictions

• Lack of confidence/self doubt

• Lack of enough time. etc

Possible solutions to overcome the Obstacles or
Challenges:

• Provision of government support.

• Balancing learning and life responsibilities.

• Employing professional teachers/facilitators that

support learning.

• Provision of enough learning materials. etc

Designing of Adult Learning
Programmes:
• Things to consider in designing/preparing or organizing Adult
Learning programmes:
First of all let’s see some of examples of Adult Learning
programmes;
 Entrepreneurship programs eg, Baking, Soap making, Sewing
etc
 Environmental management programs
 Poultry keeping programs

 Things to consider in designing/preparing or organizing Adult Learning
programmes:

Topic or issue to be concerned

Targeted group( to whom the training is organized)

Objectives (what is intended to accomplished at the end)

Content and methods of delivery i.e what will you be

covering and how will you be doing so.
Time/ duration
Things to consider in designing/preparing or organizing Adult Learning
programmes:

Location or venue

Budget

 feedback and evaluation( to find out if the objectives

were met and participants gained).
Possible follow-up topic for further training.
IMPORTANCE/GOALS OF ADULT LEARNING
PROGRAMS IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
• Adult learning is important in community development as;

1. It develops the sense of self directing

2. It reduce illiteracy
3. It increase productivity/ economic growth
4. Enhancing civic engagement
5. Health and well-being
6. Adaptation to changing job markets.
 BURGETING FOR THE TRAINING
PROGRAMMES:

• Budget/ Budgeting

Is the process of preparing and overseeing a

financial document that estimates income and
expenses for period of time.
 Steps for budgeting:
1. Asses the financial resources.

2. Determine the expenses.

3. Set goals.

4. Create a plan.

5. Track the progress.

A training budget should cover the following
expenses:
1. Initial introduction about the program/marketing and
communication

2. Administrative expenses

3. Training materials/ facilities

4. Venue/ facility rentals or costs

5. Instructors fee

6. Travel, lodging or meals expenses required

Training tools to meet the objectives of
the training programs:

• Audio visual training materials

• Power point presentation

• Text books

• Marker pen

• White board

• Flip chart
ADULT LEARNING PRINCIPLE IN SELECTING
INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS AND TECHNIQUES
FOR FACILITATING LEARNING:

• Instructional Methods: