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Adolesent

ADOLESCENT

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36 views

Adolesent

ADOLESCENT

Uploaded by

sadat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH


Sexuality and adolescent sexual and reproductive
health problem

1
Group member
1. Asechale
2. Eshetu
3. Habtamu
4. Yosef

2
Presentation outline
• Introduction
• Adolescent sexuality
• Sexual and reproductive health problem
• Cause of adolescent reproductive health
problem
• Reproductive health of special group

3
Introduction
Adolescence

• Period of dynamic change representing the transition from


childhood to adulthood marked by profound
– Physical, Emotional, Mental and Social changes

• Change is the hallmark of adolescence.

– This usually happens between the ages of 10 and 19 years.

– Not all adolescents go through these changes at the same time.

– Nutritional, biological, genetics, environmental factors… 4


Con...
WHO Definition
• Progression from appearance of 20 sexual characteristics to
sexual and reproductive maturity

• Development of adult mental processes/thinking and adult


identity

• Transition from total socioeconomic dependence to relative


independence

• Period of rapid physiological changes and vulnerability to


physical, psychological and environmental influences

5
6
Sexuality and Adolescence
• From all the stages of the adolescent’s growth, the most
intense is the increase of sexual urge
• The new and often mysterious emotions and thoughts
accompanying them.
• One important issue for both boys and girls at this stage is to
manage to reconcile sexuality with the other sides of self-
perception

7
Con…
• Beside all difference between them both girl and boy are
occupied with common issue around sex.
• They want to know more about practical issue such as
copulation , conception ,Pregnancy, birth control and sexually
transmitted diseases.

• they also wish to know how to place sex within their own
frame of values so that they can be able to establish
satisfactory and constructive relationships with individuals of

the same sex and the opposite sex.


8
causes of adolescent reproductive health problem

• Brocken families

• Peer group influence

• Parental rejection/neglect

• Lack of adequate supervision/guidance

• Lack of recreational facilities

• Alienation between adults and youth (lack of affection and


communication)
• Poverty

• Addictive habits (bad habits)

• Psychological instability etc. 9


Common Problems of Adolescents
• Communicable disease (STI, HIV)
• Unwanted pregnancy
• Malnutrition
• Substance abuse
• Occupational injuries
• Economic dependency
• Unemployment
• War

10
Common Problems…

EARLY SEXUAL DEBUT


• Factors associated with early initiation of sexual
activities
• Earlier onset of sexual maturation
 natural increase in sex hormones

• Pressure by the peer group and adults on young people


to engage in sexual relations
11
Con…
• Increasing socio-economic problems which result in pressures
on young people to exchange sex for money
• Permissive attitude of society towards premarital sexual
relations for boys as part of their predatory sexual
socialization
• Culture which places higher value on child-bearing as a
greater achievement for girls
• Lack of knowledge on physiology of reproductive system and
human sexuality
12
Con…
• Evidence indicates that there is increased risk of acquiring
STIs and HIV among adolescents and youth due to the early
initiation of sexual intercourse and higher-risk sexual
behavior. Such as
– sexual intercourse with multiple partners

– Use of alcohol and drugs

– Transactional sexual relationship among young people has

become an emerging contributing factor to HIV/STIs.

13
STI in adolescent

• Adolescent and youth are often lack information about the

services that are available

• Even if they have information they are often reluctant to seek

help for diagnosis and treatment. due to

– Embarrassment

– Fear of negative reaction from health care provider

– Cost of the service

– They do not want to be seen by people they may know


14
Adolescent Nutrition
• Adolescence is a second window of opportunity for growth
next to the first one thousand days.
• Adolescent girls are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition
because they are growing faster than at any time after first
1000 days of life.
• They need protein, iron, and other micronutrients to support
• the adolescent growth spurt and meet the body’s increased
demand for iron during menstruation.

15
Con…
• When the iron demands of pregnancy are combined with the
iron demands of adolescent growth, girls enter adulthood at
great risk of iron deficiency.
• However, many boys and girls in developing countries enter
adolescence undernourished, making them more vulnerable to
disease and premature death.
• Chronic malnutrition and iron deficiency anemia are the most
common forms of malnutrition

16
Con…

• among Ethiopian adolescent girls 36% of non-pregnant

adolescent girls aged 15-19 years are chronically

malnourished (BMI <18.5) and the prevalence of anemia in

the same group is 13%.

• At the same time, 2.2% of the girls and 0.3% of the boys in

this age group are overweight.

(NATIONAL ADOLESCENT AND YOUTH HEALTH STRATEGY (2016-2020)


17
Substance Use

• Use of and addiction to narcotic or psychotropic substances


affects an individual’s health and psychosocial behaviors.
• In Ethiopia, addictive substances such as Khat, tobacco and
alcohol are widely used by adolescents and youth.
• About 4.4% of Ethiopian adolescents and youth smoke
cigarettes or other tobacco products.

18
Con…

• The practice is more common among urban adolescents and


youth and among those in Harari, Somali and Dire Dawa regions.
• Prevalence of alcohol consumption is higher among male
(47.7%) than female (43.5%) adolescents and youth, among rural
than urban residents.

(Adolescents and Youth health for health care service provider


2017 )

19
Non-Communicable Diseases

• Studies indicate that NCDs are an emerging epidemic in


Ethiopia and other low- and middle-income countries because
of the increasing urbanization and the related changes in
lifestyle and dietary habits.
• A study that included all the ten sub-cities of Addis Ababa
revealed that the prevalence of hypertension among young
people aged 18-24 in Addis Ababa is 6.2%

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Con…

• Nearly one-half (45%) have Stage II hypertension, implying


the risk for target organ damage, and existence of population
that should have been on treatment but unaware of their BP.

• In general, this is a high prevalence and a major public health


problem in this population.

(Abdissa S. et al, 2014)

21
Injuries
• Injuries are among the leading causes of death and
disability among adolescents and youth with
unintentional injuries such as
– road traffic injuries,
– physical fight,
– drowning
– Burns
– Physical fight, often associated with substance use
22
Con…

• Among adolescents and youth (15-29), the prevalence of RTAs


is 2.7% (3.2% male and 2% female) and that of non-RTAs is
2.4% (3% male and 1.6% female).

23
Gender-Based Violence

• Gender-based violence (GBV) refers to violence against


women often including a combination of physical, sexual and
emotional violence and deprivation or neglect.
• Studies have found that there is high prevalence of GBV
among high school girls in Ethiopia.
• A study conducted in northwestern Ethiopia indicates that the
prevalence of GBV (physical and/or sexual) among high
school girls is 57.3% .
(Mule G. et al 2015)
24
Harmful Traditional Practices

• Harmful traditional practices (HTPs) refer to deeply


entrenched traditional practices which affect or violate the
physical, sexual or psychological well-being, human rights
and socio-economic participation of a human being in a
society

25
26
Reproductive Health for Special Groups

Street Children
• Street children refer to children who live and survive on the streets
of cities and towns.
• About 600,000 children are estimated to depend on street life in
Ethiopia.
• Estimates include that about 65% of street children hardly have
access to SRH services.

27
Con…

• Among sexually active street children in some bigger cities


• 8.3% are involved in sexual intercourse in exchange for money
• 2.3% under Khat/alcohol influence and
• 2% experience rape
(Demelash and Addisie, 2014).

28
Adolescents and Youth with Physical Difficulties
• The Ethiopian Center for Disabilities and Development in 2014
estimated that
• about 17 percent of adolescents and youth live with some form
of physical difficulties.
• The Ethiopian guideline on youth friendly reproductive health
service delivery considers the unique or special needs of young
people with physical difficulties as a principle

(FMOH, 2007 E.C.).


29
Con…
• Studies also report a high magnitude of unmet need for family
planning among women with disabilities.
• They have poor access to most SRH interventions including HIV
and AIDS prevention programs.
• Young people with physical difficulties are often presumed
erroneously/incorrectly/ to be
 sexually inactive
 hardly use drug or alcohol
 minimal risk of abuse and violence or rape.
30
Reference

1. Sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights are mentioned in


Sustainable Development Goal target 3.7. See
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300 (accessed 15 April
2016)
2. Son field, A. (2012) Looking at men’s sexual and reproductive health
needs. The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy, 5(2): 7-10.
3. IPPF (2015) The Men & Boys Collection: Stories of gender justice and
sexual and reproductive health and rights. Available at:
http://www.ippf.org/sites/default/files/web_ippf_menboyscollection.pdf
4. 4 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD),
Programme of Action. See http://www.un.org/
ecosocdev/geninfo/populatin/icpd.htm (accessed 15 January 2015)
5. Adolescents and Youth health for health care service provider 2017 31
Aknoldgment
• we would like to say thank you our
Instructor making us to do this assignment.

32
End

THANK YOU

For your Attention

33

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