Scribd
Upload
9 views

Software 2

second software chapter for comp science

Uploaded by

yosefdall9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views

Software 2

second software chapter for comp science

Uploaded by

yosefdall9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

SOFTWARE-2

GAYATHRI ARUN
LOW LEVEL LANGUAGES

• Low Level Languages are languages that sit close to a computer’s


instruction set. These are basic instructions that the CPU will
understand
• For instance an assembly language which allows programmers to focus
on programming simple commands, which in turn is converted into
machine code
• This element is needed for the core hardware to be able to work with
the software
• These languages are written for specific processors to ensure they
embed the correct machine architecture
• Assembly Language-
• The code is written using mnemonics, abbreviated text commands such
as LDA(Load),STO(Store)
• Using this language programmers can write human readable programs
that correspond almost exactly to machine code. Machine code–is at
the hardware level and is written in binary (1’s and 0’s)
HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGES

• High Level Languages are programming languages which use English-


like statements which allow users to program with easy to use code,
allow for clear debugging and once programs are created they become
easier to maintain
• High level languages were needed more due to the development of
processor speeds and memory capacity increasing
• Examples of these languages are Python, C#, Java etc
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

• The first languages were actually direct machine language, where


programmers had to program it with direct binary numbers of 1’s and
0’s.It was quite clear to see that this method was incredibly difficult to
program, which allowed the introduction of Assembly languages
• Programmers who use assembly language do so for the following
reasons: Need to make use of specific hardware or parts of the
hardware To complete specific machine dependent instructions To
ensure that too much space is not taken up in RAM To ensure code can
completed much faster
• Assembly languages allow programmers to program with mnemonics.
e.g. LDA Load- this will ensure a value is added to the accumulator ADD
Addition - this will add the value in put or loaded from memory to the
value in the accumulator STO, Store- stores the value in the
accumulator in RAM
• This is used rather than binary code which allowed continuation of
working directly with the hardware but removed an element of
complexity
• A mnemonic is received by the computer and it is looked up within a
specific table
• An assembler is needed here to check the word so that it can be
converted into machine code If a match from the word is found e.g.
STO the word is replaced with the relevant binary code to match that
sequence
COMPILERS & INTERPRETERS

• Programmers will write program source code using high-level


languages e.g. Python, Java, C# etc. As programmers, we can
understand source code as itis descriptive, easy to read, maintain and
debug. However this is not good for the hardware as it needs to be
converted into binary to allow the hardware to understand and execute
it, this is known as machine code. For this to work it needs to pass
through a translator first. There are two types of translators - a
compiler and an interpreter
COMPILER

• This method will translate a program into machine code. Compilers convert the
source code in one go into an executable file ready for distribution. This method
is used mainly when a program is finished with no syntax or logical errors
• Compiling may take time to be processed, however, this can be used over
without needing to be recompiled every time, bearing in mind that the program
contains no errors
• Error reports are produced after a program has been translated. Common errors
in code will allow the computer to crash and not respond, it’s important to be
aware that if there are errors the source code must be changed to compile again
INTERPRETER

• This is the method that directly sends the source code to the machine
code. This will translate each line of code individually, if an error occurs
the program will stop and an error message will occur. Once the error
message is fixed, the program can carry on running from where the
error occurred
COMPILER
INTERPRETER
IDE

• An integrated development environment (IDE)is software that


consolidates basic tools required to write and test software to make a
programmer's journey effective and useful, this will ensure they have
key features to improve programming code and ensure it does as
instructed. Some features are:
• Basic code formatting- changing the font, size of the font, making text
bold etc
• Coloured keywords in source code-e.g. Python code print, input etc turn
purple, if turns orange. This makes it easy to see key words
• Code Editing- this will allow users to write and manipulate source code,
it includes features such as auto-completion and auto-correction of
code, bracket matching, syntax checks etc
• Commenting code- this allows sections of code to be commented out
easily to stop it from being run or as comments on what the program is
doing
• Identifying errors – highlight particular areas of code or provide direct
error messages where the error may have appeared e.g. indentation
errors etc
• Run-Time environment – to allow the program to run and see its
corresponding output
• Debugger - this will identify and remedy errors within the source code.
This can provide a step through command also which provides step by
step instructions and shows what is happening o the code line by line.
This method is amazing for catching logical errors
• Libraries -extra modules that are not included in the main programming
language e.g. math in Python for extra mathematical commands
• Graphical User Interface Builder –will create a graphical design rather
than working with source code
• Translator -which compiles or interprets the code

You might also like