Scribd
Upload
41 views26 pages

Week 1

About sa different og Organic chemistry and Inorganic chemistry, but this ppt is focused on Organic chemistry

Uploaded by

gartejuana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
41 views26 pages

Week 1

About sa different og Organic chemistry and Inorganic chemistry, but this ppt is focused on Organic chemistry

Uploaded by

gartejuana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

NTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Objectives

Compare and contrast organic and inorganic compounds

Draw the structures of the common functional groups

Identify the type of functional group


Inorganic VS. Organic Chemistry
Inorganic VS. Organic Chemistry

VITAL FORCE THEORY

the organic compounds must


have their origin in living
organisms and it is impossible to
synthesize them in the
laboratories from the inorganic
compounds. Jöns
Jacob Berzelius
Inorganic VS. Organic Chemistry

Father of Organic Chemistry

Friedrich Wohl
er
What is Organic Chemistry?

the branch of chemistry that deals with the study of


carbon-containing compounds, their properties,
reactions, and preparation.

It is a vast field that encompasses a wide range of


substances, from simple molecules like methane to
complex biological molecules like proteins and DNA.
What is Organic Chemistry?

Is the study of hydrocarbons and their derivatives

The study of the compounds of one element (Carbon)


What is Functional Group

are a “particular grouping of components in which the


distinctive chemical reactions of these molecules are
accountable”.

a group of atoms or bonds inside a substance that is


responsible for the substance’s unique chemical
reactions in organic chemistry.
Functional Groups
HYBRIDIZATION OF
ATOMIC ORBITALS
Hybridization of Atomic
Orbitals
Hybridization of Atomic
Orbitals

Shapes of Atomic
Orbitals
Aufbau Principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle, and
Hund’s Rule
•Aufbau Principle: Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbital available
first before moving to higher energy orbitals.

•Pauli Exclusion Principle: Each orbital can hold a maximum of 2


electrons, and these electrons must have opposite spins (one spin-up
and one spin-down).

•Hund’s Rule: When filling orbitals of the same energy (like the three p
orbitals), electrons will fill each orbital singly before pairing up. This
minimizes electron-electron repulsion within the atom.
Hybridization of Atomic
Orbitals
What is Hybridization?

-The process of combining atomic orbitals in an atom to


form new hybrid orbitals. These hybrid orbitals have
different shapes and energies compared to the original
orbitals and are used in the formation of covalent bonds.
Types of Hybridization

-occurs when one s


and one p orbital in
an atom’s main
shell combine to
form two new
equivalent orbitals.

-produces linear
molecules at a 180°
angle.
Types of Hybridization

-occurs when one s


and two p orbitals
of the same atom’s
shell combine to
form three
equivalent orbitals.
Types of Hybridization

-When one ‘s’


orbital and three ‘p’
orbitals from the
same shell of an
atom combine to
form four new
equivalent orbitals,
the hybridization is
known as
tetrahedral
hybridization or
sp3.
Types of Hybridization

-The mixing of 1s
orbitals, 3p orbitals,
and 1d orbitals
results in 5 sp3d
hybridized orbitals
of equal energy.
Types of Hybridization

-The mixing of 1s
orbitals, 3p orbitals,
and 1d orbitals
results in 5 sp3d
hybridized orbitals
of equal energy.
Types of Hybridization

-When 1s, 3p, and


2d orbitals combine
to form 6 identical
sp3d2 hybrid
orbitals, the
hybridization is
called
sp3d2 Hybridization
.
Types of Hybridization

-It has 1s, 3p, and


3d orbitals, which
combine to form 7
identical
sp3d3 hybrid
orbitals.
Molecular Geometry
Bonding Pair Lone Pair Shape
2 0 Linear
3 0 Trigonal planar
2 1 Angular/Bent
4 0 Tetrahedral
3 1 Trigonal pyramidal
2 2 Angular/Bent
5 0 Trigonal/bipyramidal
3 2 T-shaped
6 0 Octahedral
Quiz

Show the sharing of electrons of each molecule,


identify the number of bonding and lone pairs,
and predict the molecules’ molecular shape:

1. C₂H₄
2. CO₂
3. SF₆
4. XeF₄
5. PCl₅

You might also like