Scribd
Upload
8 views

Biochem Lesson 4 Water-and-Its-Properties

slay

Uploaded by

marxcnglx
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views

Biochem Lesson 4 Water-and-Its-Properties

slay

Uploaded by

marxcnglx
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

Properties of

Water
THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER

 Water is one of the most important chemicals known.


 Without it neither animal nor plant life would exist.
 Almost three-fourths of the Earth’s surface is covered
by water.
 The human body is approximately 60 percent water.
Water Molecule
• 1 oxygen atom, 2 hydrogen atoms
• The 3 atoms are held together by polar covalent
bonds
• Electrons are not shared equally, they are closer to
the oxygen
• Molecule has a bent shape (looks like Mickey head)
• 7 Properties of water
7 PROPERTIES OF WATER
1. Polarity
• Polar molecule – a molecule with positive and
negative charged regions
• In water, electrons shared unequally
• Oxygen is more electronegative, giving it a partial - charge
• Hydrogen atoms get a partial + charge

• This causes the – end of one water molecule to


be attracted to the + end of a different water
molecule
• A hydrogen bond forms between the + oxygen and –
hydrogen on the different molecules
• Each water molecule can form hydrogen bonds with up to four
neighbors.
• Hydrogen bonds are very weak, they break and reform easily
• But!-They are the basis for the other properties of water

Fig. 3.1
2. Capillary Action
• Capillary Action – the ability water has to flow upward
against the force of gravity, due to cohesion and adhesion
• Cohesion (cohesive) – sticking together of two like
molecules
• 2 water molecules are cohesive due to the hydrogen bonds
• Adhesion (adhesive) – sticking together of two unlike
molecules
• Ex: A water molecule being attracted to a sugar molecule (Like
making Kool-aid)
DEMO!
• Take a dry penny.
• Slowly add drops of water to the penny.
• How many drops can you add?
COHESION!!
How does water get to the top of plants?
Cohesion & Adhesion

• Cohesion among water


molecules causes them to pull
one another upward against
gravity
• Adhesion contributes
too, as water adheres
to the wall of the
vessels, so it can travel
upward
3. Surface Tension
• Surface tension- a measure of the force necessary to
stretch or break the surface of a liquid
• Hydrogen bonds between water molecules at surface of
water resist breaking creating an “invisible film”
• This allows some insects to walk/run on water
DEMO!
• Take a dry paper clip and carefully try to lay it on the surface of the
water
SURFACE TENSION
4. Heat Capacity
• Specific Heat - amount of heat that must be
absorbed or lost before it actually changes
temperature
• Water has a high specific heat
• Water can absorb or release large amounts of heat with
only a slight change in its own temperature.
• Ex: Water takes a long time to boil
Heat Capacity
• Because of this water stabilizes air temperatures
• Cool water absorbs heat from warm air
• Ex: Coastal cities have mild weather
Practice
1. Which of the following is 2. Which property of
an example of heat water helps to explain
capacity/specific heat? that it takes a bit of time
a. ice floats in water for a pot of water to
b. sweating lowers body boil?
temperature. a. adhesion
c. sugar disappears when
b. density
added to water.
d. it takes several weeks of c. specific heat
warm temperatures to raise d. universal solvent
lake water several degrees.
5. Heat of Vaporization
• Heat of Vaporization- The cooling of a surface
occurs when the liquid evaporates
• Ex: water boils  as the steam leaves the water it takes
the heat with it, and the water cools

• Ex: Your body sweats so the water will absorb your heat
then evaporate to cool you.
6. Density
• Density- a measure of how compact the atoms or
molecules are within a substance or how much
mass there is in a given space (volume)
• Water compared to other liquids (like syrup) is not very
dense.
• Water is more dense as a liquid than as a solid
• When water freezes and becomes ice, the polarity causes
hydrogen bonds to form but there is air in between
• Causes expansion
• Ice floats in water.
• If this didn’t happen all the icebergs would sink- water
levels would rise.
• Ice floats on top and insulates water below- fish can live.
7. Universal Solvent
• Solvent- a liquid that dissolves a particle (solute)
• Solute- particle or liquid that gets dissolved in the
solvent
• Ex: Salt water  Water- Solvent, Salt- Solute

• Water is a solvent that dissolves most solutes.


• If the solute molecules are polar, like water, the
positive ends of water are attracted to the
negative ends of the solute.

• This is also why the


solute is even throughout
all the water
Properties of Water and their Connection to
Life on Earth
Density
Specific heat

Density
Properties of Water and their Connection to Life
on Earth
Cohesion

Surface
Tension

Surface
Tension Cohesion
Adhesion Cohesion
Capillary
Action
Properties of Water and their Connection to Life
on Earth

Specific heat
Insulation
Properties of Water and their Connection to
Life on Earth

Solubility

Specific
Heat

Density

You might also like