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LAN Protocols

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30 views

LAN Protocols

Uploaded by

duanedesear
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROPERTIES

OF
LAN PROTOCOLS
What is LAN?
LAN or “Local Area Network” is a
computer network that spans a
relatively small area. Most often, a
LAN is confined to a single room,
building or group of buildings,
however, one LAN can be connected to
other LANs over any distance via
What does PROTOCOL
mean?
Protocols are standards that
define how data is ultimately
transferred from one system
to another.
Difference between LAN
and WAN
The difference between WAN
and LAN is the distance data
travels, with a LAN typically
serving a single building and a
WAN usually covering different
geograph locations.
LAN PROTOCOLS
LAN protocols are distinguished by their
capability to efficiently deliver data over
shorter distances, such as few hundred
feet, through various mediums, such as
copper cabling. Different protocols exist for
different purposes and exist in different
“layers” of the “Open Systems
Interconnect” or OSI Model.
Media Access Control
(MAC)
Media access control (MAC) is a sub
layer of the data link layer (DLL) in the
seven-layer OSI network reference
model. MAC is responsible for the
transmission of data packets to and
from the network-interface card, and to
and from another remotely shared
channel.
Typically when using the word
“LAN” to describe a protocol, the
intent is to describe lower level,
or physical layers.

Some of the most common LAN


protocols are “ETHERNET”,
“TOKEN RING” “FIBER
DISTRIBUTED DATA INTERFACE” or
“FDDI”, “LOCAL TALK” and “ATM”.
THE FOLLOWINGS ARE SOME
COMMONLY USED NETWORK
SYMBOLS TO DRAW DIFFERENT
KINDS OF NETWORK PROTOCOLS.
ETHERNET
It is the most common type of LAN
protocol. It is found in homes and
offices throughout the world and is
recognizable by its common “CAT”
copper cable medium. It use a switch
or hub to which all systems connect to
exchange data.
TWO TYPES OF
ETHERNET
• FAST ETHERNET
• GIGABIT ETHERNET
FAST ETHERNET
To allow for an increased speed of
transmission, the Ethernet protocol
has developed a new standard that
supports 100 Mbps. This is commonly
called Fast Ethernet. Fast Ethernet
requires the application of different,
more expensive network
concentrators/hubs and network
interface cards. In addition, category
Gigabit Ethernet
The most latest development in the Ethernet
standard is a protocol that has a
transmission speed of 1 Gbps. Gigabit
Ethernet is primarily used for backbones on
a network at this time. In the future, it will
probably also be used for workstation and
server connections. It can be used with both
fiber optic cabling and copper. The
1000BaseTX, the copper cable used for
Gigabit Ethernet, became the formal
standard in 1999.
LOCAL TALK
Local Talk is a network protocol that was developed
by Apple Computer, Inc. for Macintosh computers.
The method used by Local Talk is called CSMA/CA
(Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision
Avoidance). It is similar to CSMA/CD except that a
computer signals its intent to transmit before it
actually does so. Local Talk adapters and special
twisted pair cable can be used to connect a series of
computers through the serial port. The Macintosh
operating system allows the establishment of a peer-
to-peer network without the need for additional
software. With the addition of the server version of
AppleShare software, a client/server network can be
established.
TOKEN RING
It is an older LAN technology that is
not prevalent anymore. The basic
premise of “Token Ring” is a single
“token” passed from system to
system, or through a hub, and only
the independent recipient reads the
token.
ETHERNET VS.
TOKEN RING
(1) Cost: Ethernet is generally less
expensive and easier to install than Token
Ring.
(2) Stability Stability: Token Ring is
generally more secure and more stable
than Ethernet.
(3) Scalability Scalability: It is usually
more difficult to add more computers on a
Token Ring
LAN than it is to an Ethernet LAN.
SINGLE COLLISION DOMAIN WIRING CENTER
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a
network protocol that transmits data at
a speed of 155 Mbps and higher. ATM
works by transmitting all data in small
packets of a fixed size; whereas, other
protocols transfer variable length
packets. ATM supports a variety of
media such as video, CD-quality audio,
and imaging. ATM employs a star
topology, which can work with fiber
optic as well as twisted pair cable.
FDDI or Fiber
Distributed Data
Interface
It defines how LAN traffic is transmitted
over fiber cabling. Fiber cabling is used
when longer distances usually between
floors or buildings, are required or where
heightened security is required.
Wireless LAN
PROTOCOLS
Wireless LANs, sometimes referred t as “WLAN” or
“WI-FI”, are becoming increasingly prevalent. They
operate essentially the same as a traditional LAN,
but use wireless signals between antennas as the
medium, rather than cabling. Most of wireless
protocols in use today are based on the 802.11
standard and are differentiated by the letter
appearing after the number. The four main
protocols are “802.11a”, “802.11b”, “802.11g” and
“802.11n”.
“802.11a” is designed to carry data
over shorter distance at higher speeds
up to 54 megabits per second, Mbps.
“802.11b” does the opposite,
operating at lower speeds of up to
only 11 Mbps but with higher
reliability to longer distances and with
more obstructing objects in the
environment.
“802.11g” combines the best of the
previous two protocols, operating at
up to 54 Mbps over longer distances.
“802.11n” is the latest wireless
protocol to be released. It can operate
at speeds of greater than 150 Mbps
over longer distances than the other
protocols.
ETHERNET COAXIAL
CABLE

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