Group

Presentation
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 Our Member

Joshua San Queen Vidanes

Jose
Myra Ella Ulang
Subanon
Kenneth
Velasco
Principles of heating, ventilation and air
conditioning (hvac)
Introduction

HVAC stands for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. It is a combination of

your furnace, central air conditioner, and the ducts throughout your home or
business working together to keep the inside air comfortable in every season.
An HVAC system also maintains the indoor air quality. As the air conditioner or
heater is running, the ventilation system is pulling the air from the interior and
recirculating it with the outside air, while filtering it to make the inside air free
of pollutants that can cause health issues for some people.

HVAC is a basic requirement for your indoor air quality, what you breathe,
temperature, humidity in your house. The term "HVAC" it means the entire air
system of your home or at work. It is integral component of facility functionality.
The system is needed for maintenance of a suitable temperature, continuous
flow of air, which ultimately prevents cross-contamination and accumulation of
air and to ensure the cooling of air in the premises.
 CONTAMINATION

1 Products or substances other than the product

being manufactured.

2 Foreign products.

3 Particulate matter.

4 Micro-organisms.

5 Endotoxins (degraded micro-organisms).

 CROSS-CONTAMINATION

1 Poorly designed air handling systems and dust

extraction systems.

2 Poorly operated and maintained air handling

systems and dust extraction systems.

3 Inadequate procedures for personnel and

equipment.
Discussion:

HISTORY OF HVAC
• In 1851 Dr John Gorrie was granted U.S. Patent for refrigeration machine.
• In 1880 refrigeration became available for industrial purpose. Initially two major uses - freezing
meat for transport and making ice.
• Early 1990-new initiative to keep building cool for comfort.
• 1902 cooling the New York stock exchange-one of the first comfort cooling system.

NEED OF HVAC SYSTEM:

• Improvement of the air quality
• Moisture regulation
• Depression
• Maintenance of the constant temperature throughout the year
• Energy conservation
HVAC COMPONENTS

HVAC COMPONENTS
• Furnace - As part of the HVAC, the furnace heats the air that circulates in
the home. The quality of air in the home can be influenced by how often you
change the air filter on your unit. Usually the Air Conditioner is outside, and
the furnace is inside the house. The HVAC uses the same venting system for
both.
• Heat exchanger
• Ducts
• Vents
• Air Conditioning Unit
• Evaporator Coils
• Condensing Unit
Different Types of HVAC Systems:

Heating systems - A furnace will generally operate on natural gas or

propane, while a boiler will use gas or oil to heat the water another is
radiant floor.
Cooling systems - Air conditioners come in many forms, from the massive
boxes designed to cool an entire house to a portable window-mounted box
that can be pulled out and used in cooler climates to handle short summers.
For dryer climates, evaporative coolers are a popular choice. They draw
outside air into the system, passing it through water-saturated pads, which
cool and moisten the air before pushing it into the living space and
displacing the hot air.
BTU or British Thermal Units, are the amount of heat required to raise the
temp. of one pound of water, 1-degree Fahrenheit. 1 ton= 12,000BTU. EER is
Energy Efficiency Rating and tells you the BTU rating over the wattage. The
higher the EER, the better the energy efficiency, but it will probably cost
more.

HEATING CONVECTION - Collective movement of groups of molecules within

fluids, through diffusion.
CONDUCTION -Transfer of internal energy by microscopic diffusion and
collisions of particles within a body due to a temperature gradient.
RADIATION - Electromagnetic waves (EMR) travel through a vacuum or
through matter- containing media.
GENERATION OF HEAT
• Heaters exist for various types of fuel, including solid fuels, liquids, and gases.
•Another type of heat source is electricity, typically heating ribbons made of high resistance
wire.
• This principle is also used for baseboard heaters and portable heaters.
• Electrical heaters are often used as backup or supplemental heat for heat pump systems.

DISTRIBUTION OF HEAT • WATER/STEAM –

• Piping is used to transport the heat to the rooms.
• Modern hot water boiler heating systems have a circulator, which is a pump, to move hot
water through the distribution system.
• AIR-
• Warm air systems distribute heated air through duct work systems of
supply and return air through metal or fiberglass ducts.
• Many systems use the same ducts to distribute air cooled by an
evaporator coil for air conditioning.
VENTILATION MECHANICAL OR FORCED - Provided by an air handler and
used to control indoor air quality.
• Excess humidity, odors, and contaminants can often be controlled via
dilution or replacement with outside air.
• Kitchens and bathrooms
NATURAL - ventilation of a building with outside air without using fans or
other mechanical systems, - reduces spread of diseases - tuberculosis,
common cold.
APPLICATIONS OF HVAC
• "Free cooling" during moderate temperatures (chiller bypass).
• Thermal storage-isolation of storage tank
• Water source heat pump pre cooler with isolation Heating potable hot
water (instantaneous heater)
• Waste heat recovery from condenser water
ADVANTAGES OF HVAC
1. Conserves Energy
2. Regulates Moisture
3. Air Quality Improvement.

DISADVANTAGES OF HVAC
• Initial installation cost is high.
• Primary disadvantage of ductless air conditioners is their cost.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HVAC
The following factors determine the capacity of HVAC system required:
• Heating : The amount of thermal energy that needs to be added to the
space.
• Cooling : Thermal energy will sometimes need to be removed from a
particular space in order to bring the temperature down.
• Humidifying : This refers to the process of increasing the relative humidity
through the addition of water vapor into the system.
• Dehumidifying : Process of removing water vapor from the given space.
• Cleaning : Purifying the air by the removal of dust, smoke, pollen and other
pollutants.
• Air Movement : Ensuring that there is ample movement of air to keep the
inhabitants comfortable.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF HVAC OPERATION

• Heat pumps transfer heat by

circulating a substance called a
refrigerant through a cycle of
evaporation and condensation. A
compressor pumps the refrigerant
between two heat exchanger coils. In
one coil, the refrigerant is evaporated
at low pressure and absorbs heat from
its surroundings.
• Rooftop units are also often known as air
handlers, and as their name suggests,
they're a large HVAC system that is placed
on a rooftop in order to moderate the
temperature of a large space. These boxes
typically connect with a ductwork
ventilation system, that will then distribute
the air through the building before returning
it to the box to either discharge or return air
back into the system.
• Water source heat pump is a device
that can extract a large amount of low-
grade heat that cannot be directly
used, and then convert it into heat
energy that can be directly used. The
working principle of water source heat
pump unit is to transfer heat from the
building to the water source during the
summer.
• PACKAGED HVAC - Packaged air conditioners
look a little like the rooftop units, but are
designed for smaller domestic use. Where
window and mini split air conditioners are
good for small room cooling of up to around
five tonnes, central air conditioning systems
are designed for loads in excess of 20 tonnes.
For that reason, the packaged air conditioner
has been designed to accommodate the needs
of anyone who fits between those two frames.
• Split air conditioner- consists of an
outdoor unit and an indoor unit. The
outdoor unit is installed on or near the
exterior wall of the room that you wish
to cool. This unit houses the
compressor, condenser coil and the
expansion coil or capillary tubing.
• DUCTLESS SYSTEM- The smallest of all
systems, the ductless or mini split air
conditioner is designed for small
deployments such as a single large
room, or multiple small rooms. They
require minimal wall space, and the
compressor and heat exchanger unit can
be located further away from the main
building, allowing greater flexibility in
use.
Proper system design accounts for building type and size, layout,
surrounding area, the nature of activities taking place, the number of
occupants, climate and other factors, making each situation distinct.
• Optimizing system operation.
• Making and analyzing certain key measurements is essential for optimizing
the HVAC system performance.
THANK YOU!
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