COMPUTER NETWORKING

A computer network is a system for

communicating between two or more
computers and associated devices. It is an
interconnection of computers for the
purposes of sharing information and
resources.
Classification of Networks - Geographical

LAN MAN WAN

Local Area Network Metropolitan Area Wide Area Network
Network
AN EXAMPLE OF A NETWORK

Router
Hub
Bridge Segment Node

Hub

Internet

Prepared By Rohit K Argal, IT Dept, RO Bhopal

 LAN
• A LAN is a network that is used for communicating among
computer devices, usually within an office building or home
• LAN’s enable the sharing of resources such as files or hardware
devices that may be needed by multiple users
• Is limited in size, typically spanning a few hundred meters, and
no more than a mile
• Is fast, with speeds from 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps
• Requires little wiring, typically a single cable connecting to each
device
• Has lower cost compared to MAN’s or WAN’s
 NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

RING

BUS
STAR

TREE
PARTIALLY
CONNECTED FULLY
CONNECTED
Prepared By Rohit K Argal, IT Dept, RO Bhopal
 MAN
Metropolitan Area Network(MAN)is
a computer networks usually
spanning a campus or a city, which
typically connect a few local area
networks using high speed backbone
technologies.

The network size falls intermediate

between LANs and WANs.

A MAN (like a WAN) is not generally

owned by a single organisation.

MAN links - Fiber optical cables or

using wireless technologies such as
microwave or radio.
 WAN
The term Wide Area Network (WAN) usually refers to a network
which covers a large geographical area, and use communications
circuits to connect the intermediate nodes.

A major factor
impacting WAN design
and performance is a
requirement that they
lease communications
circuits from telephone
companies or other
communications
carriers.

Transmission rates are typically 2 Mbps, 34 Mbps, 45 Mbps, 155

Mbps, 625 Mbps (or sometimes considerably more).
 INTERNET
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer
networks, cooperating with each other to exchange data
using a common software standard.
• Through telephone wires and satellite links, Internet users
can share information in a variety of forms.
The size, scope and design of the Internet allows E-mail,
users to: USENET newsgroups, File
1. Connect easily through ordinary personal Transfer Protocol (FTP),
computers and local phone numbers; Gopher & Search Engines,
2. Exchange electronic mail (E-mail) with friends TELNET,
and colleagues with accounts on the Internet;
Internet Relay Chat (IRC),
3. Post information for others to access, and update
CU-SeeMe,
it frequently;
4. Access multimedia information that includes The World Wide Web.
sound, photographic images and even video; and
5. Access diverse perspectives from around the
world.
 INTRANET
 An intranet is an information portal designed
specifically for the internal communications of small,
medium or large businesses, enterprises, governments,
industries or financial institutions of any size or
complexity.
 Intranets can be custom-designed to fit the exact needs
of businesses no matter where they are situated.
 Users of intranets consists mainly of:
Members of the executive team.
Accounting and order billing.
Managers and directors.
Sales people and support staff.
Customer service, help desk, etc..
 EXTRANET
An extranet is somewhat very similar to an intranet.
Extranets are designed specifically to give external, limited
access to certain files of your computer systems to:
Certain large or privileged customers.
Selected industry partners.
Suppliers and subcontractors... etc.
Therefore, a carefully designed extranet can bring additional
business to your company.
 WIRELESS NETWORKING
Wireless networks utilize radio waves
and/or microwaves to maintain
communication channels between
computers.
Wireless networking is a more modern
alternative to wired networking that relies
on copper and/or fiber optic cabling
between network devices.
Advantages of wireless include mobility
and elimination of unsightly cables.
Disadvantages of wireless include the
potential for radio interference due to
weather, other wireless devices, or
obstructions like walls.
 DEVICES USED IN NETWORKING

Patch Panel (LAN)

Network Card (LAN) Information
Outlet (LAN)

Switch (LAN) Modem (WAN)

Router (WAN) IP Phone(Intranet)

 MODEM

o Short for “MODulate/DEModulate”. The modem

sends information from your computer across the
telephone system.
o The modem at the other end of the phone line,
converts the signal back into a format that can be
used by the receiving computer.
 DATA CENTER
 A data center is a centralized
repository, either physical or
virtual, for the storage,
management, and
dissemination of data and
information organized around a
particular body of knowledge
or pertaining to a particular
business.
 A private data center may exist
within an organization's
facilities or may be maintained
as a specialized facility
 DATA MINING & DATA WAREHOUSING
• Data warehousing is defined as  Generally, data mining
a process of centralized data (sometimes called data or
management and retrieval. knowledge discovery) is the
• Datawarehouse is a repository of process of analyzing data
an organization’s electronically from different perspectives
stored data. and summarizing it into
• Data warehouses are designed to useful information -
facilitate reporting and analysis. information that can be used
• The data warehouse focuses on to increase revenue, cuts
data storage. costs, or both.
• Data warehousing includes  Technically, data mining is
business intelligence tools to the process of finding
extract,transform and load data correlations or patterns
into the repository, and tools to among dozens of fields in
manage and retrieve metadata
large relational databases.
DATA MINING & DATA WAREHOUSING