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Lesson 2 Earth and Earth Systems

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Bryan Monico H. Enolva
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4 views

Lesson 2 Earth and Earth Systems

Uploaded by

Bryan Monico H. Enolva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1:

THE ORIGIN and


STRUCTURE OF
THE EARTH
LESSON 2: EARTH and EARTH SYSTEM
WHY IS
THERE
LIFE ON
EARTH?
SOURCE OF
WATER
•Life would not have begun
without water
•Scientist believe that water o
Earth came from two possible
sources:
- Through Volcanism
- Icy meteors of the outer regions
HEAT
SOURCE
Internal Heating External Heating
caused by • Came from the sun
radiogenic heat is in the form of
radiation which
from radioactive enters the Earth.
decay of • The heat is trapped
materials in the by a layer of gases
core and mantle. called atmosphere.
ATMOSPHER
•Is a vital part ofE
photosynthesis
•Photosynthesis ensures the
adequate amount and flow of
gases on Earth.
•In mainly due to its gravity which
pulls the atmosphere from being
carried away by solar radiation.
EARTH
SUBSYSTEM
•Earth science looks at the
entire planet as a system of
interacting parts or
subsystems.
•Subsystems can be studied
separately, but ultimately
they are connected on and
GEOSPHERE
•Refers to the solid earth
•It is composed of naturally-
occurring solid aggregate of
minerals.
•Geosphere also include geologic
landforms such as mountains and
hills.
HYDROSPHE
RE
•It is the totality of the
Earth’s water including the
permanently frozen parts
called cryosphere.
•Earth is the only planet in
the Solar System that has
water in all three phases
ATMOSPHER
E
•The mixture of gases (N, O, Ar,
CO2) and water vapor
•The air in the atmosphere is
generally composed of 78%
Nitrogen 21% Oxygen, 0.9 Argon
and the remaining 0.10% is made
up of different trace of gases.
LAYERS OF THE
ATMOSPHERE
TROPOS
HERE
•Lowest part of atmosphere
•Contains most of our weather - clouds,
rain, snow
•From surface of the Earth to 4-10 miles
• Temperature decreases when altitude
increases
STRATOSPHE
•Second RE
lowest part of
atmosphere
•Ozone layer is found – helps
to absorb harmful rays
• Temperature increases
when altitude increases
MESOSPHE
RE burn upon
•Where meteors
entry.
•The temperature again
decreases with height
THERMOSPHE
•Air is very thinRE
in this layer
•Temperature increase is caused
by the absorption of UV ray and
X-Ray radiation.
• Ionosphere is the lowest part
• ionized atoms and electric
charges.
EXOSPHER
• Quite thin airE
•Contains mainly oxygen
and hydrogen atoms but
there are so few of them
that they rarely collide
BIOSPHERE
•Includes all forms of life
•Is a complex interaction and
interdependent relationship
of different life forms which
all co-exist.
SCIENTIST AND THEIR
CONTRIBUTION TO OUR
CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF
THE EARTH
THE LAYERS OF THE EARTH
• The outer most layer is Crust next is
Mantle, next is Liquid Outer Core,
next is solid inner core.
• The earth’s crust is classified into
two parts
- The oceanic crust which is thinner, 5-
8miles under the ocean, primarily
basalt.
THE FOUR LAYERS
OF THE EARTH
Crust
Mant
le
Outer
Core
Inner
Core
INNER
o Solid CORE
center of
the planet.
oMostly of solid
iron (iron &
nickel).
o1220 km thick
o6000 ̊C
o Only OUTER
layer
CORE
that is liquid
oMade up of
molten nickel,
iron, sulfur &
oxygen.
o2270 km thick
MAN
o Semi solid, TLE
rocky
and very hot.
ocomposed of Fe,
O, Al, Mg & Si.
o2900 km thick
oUpper: 900 ̊C ;
Lower: 1000 ̊ C -
CRUS
oWhere the life
existed.
oMade
T
up of
granite,
metamorphic and
sedimentary
rocks
o40 – 70 km thick
•Million years ago it is
believed that the Earth
is just composed of
one hugged continent
called Pangaea
ERATOSTENES: Who used the
sun to measure the size of the
round earth.
CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY: Proposed
and set up a model of solar
system Known as Ptolemaic
System or Geocentric Model.
NICOLAUS COPERNICUS: Proposed a
different model of Solar System know
as Copernican Model or Heliocentric
which opposed to Ptolemaic System.
JOHANNES KEPLER: Who made the
mathematical calculations. He proposed
the orbits of the planets are not circles
but ellipses.
GALILEO GALILEE: Who improvised
the optical telescope leading to the
discovery of Jupiter’s 4 primary
moons and rings of Saturn.
SIR ISAAC NEWTON: Famous for
3 laws of motion and his law of
gravitational force

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