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2 - 1 Conditional Statements

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35 views

2 - 1 Conditional Statements

Uploaded by

alvierkylejesse
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 2.

1
Conditional Statements

©Big Ideas Learning, LLC


Learning Target:
Understand and write conditional statements.

Success Criteria:
• I can identify the hypothesis and conclusion of a statement.
• I can write conditional statements and their related conditional statements.
• I can write biconditional statements.

©Big Ideas Learning, LLC


A conditional statement, symbolized by p → q, can be written as an “if-then statement” that
contains a hypothesis p and a conclusion q. Here is an example.

If a polygon is a triangle, then the sum of its angle measures is 180°.

hypothesis, conclusion, q
p

©Big Ideas Learning, LLC


KEY IDEA

Writing Conditional Statements

Vocabulary
conditional statement, p. 66
if-then form, p. 66 Conditional Statement
hypothesis, p. 66
conclusion, p. 66 A conditional statement is a logical statement that has two parts,
negation, p. 66 a hypothesis p and a conclusion q. When a conditional statement
converse, p. 67 is written in if-then form, the “if” part contains the hypothesis and
inverse, p. 67 the “then” part contains the conclusion.
contrapositive, p. 67
equivalent statements, p. 67
Words If p, then q. Symbols p → q (read as “p
perpendicular lines, p. 68 implies q”)
biconditional statement,
p. 69

©Big Ideas Learning, LLC


Example 1 Rewriting a Statement in If-Then Form

Identify the hypothesis and the conclusion. Then rewrite the conditional
statement in if-then form.

a. All birds have feathers. b. You are in Florida if you are in Miami.

SOLUTION
a. All birds have feathers. b. You are in Florida if you are in Miami.

hypothesis conclusion conclusion hypothesis

If an animal is a bird, If you are in Miami,


then it has feathers. then you are in Florida.

©Big Ideas Learning, LLC


KEY IDEA

Negation
The negation of a statement is the opposite of the original
statement. To write the negation of a statement p, you write the
symbol for negation (∼) before the letter.
Words not p Symbols ∼p (read as “not p”)

©Big Ideas Learning, LLC


KEY IDEA
Related Conditionals
Consider the conditional statement below.
Words If p, then q. Symbols p→q

Converse To write the converse of a conditional statement, exchange


the hypothesis and the conclusion.
Words If q, then p. Symbols q→p

Inverse To write the inverse of a conditional statement, negate both


the hypothesis and the conclusion.
Words If not p, then not q. Symbols ∼p → ∼q

Contrapositive To write the contrapositive of a conditional statement,


first write the converse. Then negate both the
hypothesis and the conclusion.
Words If not q, then not p. Symbols ∼q → ∼p

©Big Ideas Learning, LLC


KEY IDEA

A conditional statement and its contrapositive are either both true or both
COMMON ERROR false. Similarly, the converse and inverse of a conditional statement are
Just because a conditional either both true or both false. In general, when two statements are both
statement and its true or both false, they are called equivalent statements.
contrapositive are both true
does not mean that its
converse and inverse are
both false. The converse
and inverse can also both
be true.

©Big Ideas Learning, LLC


Example 3 Writing Related Conditional Statements
Let p be “you are a guitar player” and let q be “you are a musician.”
Write each statement in words. Then decide whether it is true or false.
a. the conditional statement p → q If p, then q
b. the converse q → p If q, then p
c. the inverse p → q If not p, then not q
d. the contrapositive q → p If not q, then not p
SOLUTION
a. Conditional: If you are a guitar player, then you are a musician.
true; Guitar players are musicians.
b. Converse: If you are a musician, then you are a guitar player.
false; Not all musicians play the guitar.
c. Inverse: If you are not a guitar player, then you are not a musician.
false; Even if you do not play the guitar, you can still be a musician.
d. Contrapositive: If you are not a musician, then you are not a guitar player.
true; A person who is not a musician cannot be a guitar player.
©Big Ideas Learning, LLC
You can write a definition as a conditional statement in if-then form or as its
converse. Both the conditional statement and its converse are true for
definitions. For example, consider the definition of perpendicular lines.
If two lines intersect to form a right angle, then they are perpendicular lines.
You can also write the definition using the converse: If two lines are
perpendicular lines, then they intersect to form a right angle.
You can write “line ℓ is perpendicular to line m” as ℓ ⊥ m.

©Big Ideas Learning, LLC


Example 4 Using Definitions

Decide whether each statement about the diagram is true.


Explain your answer using the definitions you have learned.

a. AC ⊥ BD
b. AEB and CEB are a linear pair.
c. EA and EB are opposite rays.

SOLUTION

a. This statement is true. The right angle symbol in the diagram indicates that the
lines intersect to form a right angle. So, you can say the lines are perpendicular.
b. This statement is true. By definition, if the noncommon sides of adjacent angles
are opposite rays, then the angles are a linear pair. Because EA and EC are
opposite rays, AEB and CEB are a linear pair.
c. This statement is false. The rays have the same endpoint, but they do not form
a line. So, the rays are not opposite rays.

©Big Ideas Learning, LLC


KEY IDEA

Writing Biconditional Statements

Biconditional Statement
When a conditional statement and its converse are both true, you
can write them as a single biconditional statement. A biconditional
statement is a statement that contains the phrase “if and only if.”
Words p if and only if q Symbols p↔q
Any definition can be written as a biconditional statement.

©Big Ideas Learning, LLC


Example 5 Writing a Biconditional Statement
Rewrite the definition of perpendicular lines as a biconditional statement.
Definition If two lines intersect to form a right angle, then they are perpendicular lines.
SOLUTION
Let p be “two lines intersect to form a right angle”
and let q be “they are perpendicular lines.”
Use red to identify p and blue to identify q.
Write the definition p → q.
Definition If two lines intersect to form a right angle,
then they are perpendicular lines.
Write the converse q → p.
Converse If two lines are perpendicular lines, then
they intersect to form a right angle.
Use the definition and its converse to write the biconditional statement p ↔ q.
Biconditional Two lines intersect to form a right angle if and only if they are
perpendicular lines.
©Big Ideas Learning, LLC

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