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Moral Reasoning

moral

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15 views11 pages

Moral Reasoning

moral

Uploaded by

kainatf2002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Professional

Ethics
HU-223
Emotional Development
Emotion is any conscious experience
characterized by intense mental activity and
a certain degree of pleasure or displeasure.

Do Emotions Matter in Morality?


3
Components of Moral Reasoning
The Reasoning process by which human behaviors, institutions or policies are judged
to be in accordance with or in violation of moral standards.

Understanding of Moral standards

Evidence/information about a particular person/ policy

Conclusion or Moral judgment that the person, policy,


institution or behavior is right or wrong

Moral Factual
information Moral Judgment
Standard
In a society, 26% of blacks
A society is unjust if it does
fall below the poverty line as A society is unjust
not treat its minorities
compared with the 12% of
equal to its citizens
whites
4

Analyzing Moral Reasoning

Moral reasoning must be logical


• We should first make the person’s unspoken
moral standards explicit
• Need to see what evidence the person offers to
support his conclusion

Factual evidence must be


Accurate based on reliable statistical methods
and well-supported scientific theory
Relevant i.e. behavior, policy or institution has
characteristics in relevance with moral standard
Complete must not be considered selectively

Moral reasoning must be consistent


• There must be consistency between other
standards and belief of a person
5

Moral behavior

Step 1: Recognizing an Ethical situation


Steps towards Ethical

Step 2: Making judgment about an Ethical course of


Behavior

action

Step 3: Deciding to do what is right

Step 4: Carrying out one’s decision


Step 1: Recognizing an Ethical
situation

Six Criteria

1) The situation involves the infliction of serious harm


2) The harm concentrated on its victims so that each victim will sustain a
significant amount of harm
3) Is it likely that the harm will occur (or has actually occurred)?
4) The victims are proximate, i.e., close or accessible to us
5) Will the harm occur fairly soon (or has it already occurred)?
6) Is there a possibility that the infliction of harm violates the moral standards
we or most people accept?
7

Step 2: Making a judgment about


the Ethical course of action
Biasness: A bias is an assumption that distorts our beliefs,
Perceptions and understanding of a situation.
Step 3: Deciding to do what is right

It refers to the beliefs an organization’s


member have about, how they are
expected to behave

Ethical Climate

It refers to an environment that can


exert subtle pressure which gradually
lead an ethical person into decisions to
do what he or she knows wrong

Moral seduction
Step 4: Carrying out one’s 9

decision
Ego Strength: The ability to be resistant Ability to regulate our actions so
to impulses and to follow one’s own that we resolutely do what we
convictions. know is right even when powerful
emotions, desires, or social
pressures urge us not to.
Strength of Will
Locus of control refers to a person
believes that what happens to him
is primarily within his control, or
subject to an external forces.
Locus of Control

Willingness to Obey
10

Moral Responsibility &


Blame
A person is morally responsible for
an injury or damage; if

A person caused or helped caused it

A person failed to prevent when could

A person has full knowledge about it

A person did so by his own free will

Causality Knowledge Freedom


11

Mitigating factors

Factors that lower the responsibility


blame

Minimal Contribution

Uncertainty

Difficulty

Seriousness

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