STEM CELLS
EMBRYONIC AND ADULT
STEM CELLS
WHAT ARE
STEM CELLS?
“BLANK CELLS”
Stem cells are
undifferentiated cells
that have the
capacity to both
differentiate and
multiply into the 200
cells types that form
a human being. TYPE OF
EMBRYONIC STEM
CELLS
Found in the inner cell mass
of the human blastocyst, an Embryonic stem cells
early stage of the developing are pluripotent.
embryo.
Pluripotent cells are those cells
that can give rise to all of the
cells type that makes up the
body.
HENCE:
Embryonic stem cells
can make all the
different types of cell
in the body.
ADULT STEM CELLS
These are undifferentiated cell found
throughout the body after development.
ADULT STEM CELLS
ADULT STEM CELLS
These are undifferentiated cell found
throughout the body after development.
“MULTIPOTENT” ADULT STEM CELLS
- It can differentiate ARE ALSO CALLED
“TISSUE STEM CELL
into all cell types
or SOMATIC STEM
within one particular
CELL”.
lineage
Potency of Stem Cells
The capacity to differentiate into
specialized cell types and be able to
give rise to any mature cell type.
TOTIPOTENCY
A fertilized egg and can generate
all the cells that makes up an
embryo.
PLURIPOTENCY
Can differentiate any cell type
except the stem cell of totipotent
and cell of placenta.
MULTIPOTENCY
Can develop into more than one
cell type.
UNIPOTENCY
Can produce only one cell type
WHY ARE STEM CELLS
IMPORTANT?
Stem cells are the body's
“master cells.”
WHY?
They serve as an internal
repair system,
regenerating to replace
lost or damaged cells for
the life of a person.
HOW?
They can divide
repeatedly to produce
new cells. As they divide,
they can change into the
other types of cell that
APPLICATION
IN
MEDICINE
USES OF STEM CELL
Increase Generate Test new
understanding healthy cells to drugs for
of how diseases replace cells safety and
occur. affected by effectiveness.
disease.
The Future
Medicine STEM CELL
THERAPY
STEM CELL THERAPY
“Regenerative Medicine”
This utilizes stem cells or their derivatives to stimulate
the body's own healing processes and repair
damaged, diseased or injured tissue.
This approach represents
a promising new frontier
in the field of
transplantation, as it
harnesses the power of
cells rather than relying
STEM CELL THERAPY
BONE MARROW
TRANSPLANT
Hematopoietic stem cell
transplant is medical
treatment that replaces
your bone marrow with
healthy cells. The
replacement cells can
either come from your own
STEM CELL THERAPY
DEFYING AGE:
ANTI-AGING THERAPY
The potential benefits of
stem cells as an anti-
aging therapy include • Regenerating damaged tissue
cell rejuvenation, • Enhancing repair mechanisms
improved organ • Reducing inflammation
function, and reduced • Protecting against oxidative stress
HOW ARE
STEM CELL
HARVESTE
D?
ADULT STEM CELLS
Blood Draw
Tissue Fat Extraction
(liposuction)
Adult stem cells are limited in the
cell types they can become,
scientists developed a way to
genetically reprogram cells into
Bone Marrow Extraction what is called an induced-
INDUCED-PLURIPOTENT
SOMATIC CELLS
They are type of
pluripotent stem cell
derived from adult somatic
cells that have been
genetically reprogrammed
to an embryonic stem (ES)
cell-like state through the
forced expression of genes
and factors important for
maintaining the defining
properties of ES cells.
EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS
Embryos are created from
in-vitro fertilization.
Embryonic stem cells are typically
grown in the laboratory as "stem
cell lines," which are cultures of
human cells that can be maintained
and expanded to increase the total
amount of pluripotent stem cells.
Embryonic stem cells are grown in
cultures with feeder layers.
PROBLEMS ON UTILIZING PROBLEMS ON UTILIZING
EMBRYONIC STEM CELL ADULT STEM CELLS
• Unsure whether they • Cannot be grown for
would be rejected if long periods of time in
used in transplants. culture
• They can cause • Usually, a very small
tumors or cancer number in each tissue
development making them difficult
“Taking of innocent human life” to find and purify
• REPRODUCTIVE CLONING
Researchers remove a mature
somatic cell, such as a skin cell, from an
animal that they wish to copy. They then
transfer the DNA of the donor animal's
somatic cell into an egg cell, or oocyte,
that has had its own DNA-containing
nucleus removed.
• THERAPEUTIC CLONING
Therapeutic cloning involves
creating a cloned embryo for the
sole purpose of producing
embryonic stem cells with the same
DNA as the donor cell.
DIFFERENCE ON THE
PROCESS OF REPRODUCTIVE
AND THERAPEUTIC CLONING THERAPEUTIC CLONING
• Some researchers believe
that stem cells derived from
therapeutic cloning may
offer benefits over those
from fertilized eggs because
cloned cells are less likely to
be rejected once
transplanted back into the
donor and may allow
researchers to see exactly
how a disease develops.
