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Leveling 2

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مايا سمارة
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8 views

Leveling 2

Uploaded by

مايا سمارة
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Readings

• Leveling Rod Reading (R): reading of the vertical rod at a point.


• Back Sight reading (B.S.): the first reading taken in the new
position of the level, usually selected at a point of known elevation.
• Fore Sight reading (F.S.): the last reading taken with the level in its
current location.
• Intermediate Sight reading (I.S.): level readings in between the
backsight and the foresight readings.
• Turning points (T.P.): the points that have two readings, one as the
foresight of the level in its previous setup and the second is a
backsight of the level in its current setup.
• Instrument elevation (H.I.): the elevation of the level line of sight
above the Geoid.

1
Leveling Setups and Readings

RA RB
Rc
R’c RD RF
RG

2
Collimation Method for Elevation Determination

1- Compute the level height (Collimation level) at the


known point from:
H.I. = R + h
2- Compute the elevation of the rest of points using its
Collimation level from:
h = H.I. - R

3
Leveling Table

Example
• Given the following rod readings: 1.35, 1.68, 2.88, 1.10, 1.45,
2.11, 2.67 , where the first and the fourth readings are B.S.
- Calculate the elevations of the respective points knowing that
the elevation of point A is 12.10m

HINTS
- Regardless of any given name to points, you should start
from the point(s) of known elevations.
There should be at least one.

- Notice that since the first and fourth readings are B.S.,
the third and fourth (2.88, 1.10) are of the same point and it is
a turning point.

4
Leveling Table

Point B.S. I.S. F.S. H.I. Elevation Remarks

A 1.35 13.45 12.10

B 1.68 11.77
Turning
C 1.10 2.88 11.67 10.57
Point
D 1.45 10.22
F 2.11 9.56
G 2.67 9.00

Sum () 2.45 5.55

Solution
Compute the level height at the known point from: H.I. = R + h
then compute the elevation of the rest of points using its level setup from:
h = H.I. - R
5
Computational Checking

No. of setups= No. of T.P. +1


1- No. of Back Sights = No. of Fore Sights.
They have to be equal (in the example = 2)

2-  B.S -  F.S =
Elev. of the last point – Elev. of the first point

In the example:
 B.S -  F.S = -3.10
Elev. of the last point – Elev. of the first point = 9.00 - 12.10 = -3.10

Therefore, computations are correct.

If they are not equal.. Check your computations.

6
Exercise
• Given the following rod readings: 3.22, 2.38, 1.54,
1.12, 3.10, 2.67, 2.08, 0.97, 1.67, 3.16.
where the first, the fifth and the eighth readings are
B.S.
- Calculate the elevations of the respective points
knowing that the elevation of point A is 215.60 m.
____________________________________________

• Re-calculate the elevations of the points if the point


of known elevation is the third point with elevation
217.28 m.

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