Cloud Computing

Lecture
Introduction to Cloud Computing
Our story…

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 Our Data Now…

Personal Data
Emails, Calendars, Contacts,
Documents and Media Location Information, etc…

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We Live in a World of Data…

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The World of Data

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 Big Data
• Big data is defined as large pools of data that can be
captured, communicated, aggregated, stored, and analyzed.

• Data continues to grow:

 In mid-2010, the information universe carried 1.2 zettabytes and 2020

predictions expect nearly 44 times more at 35 zettabytes coming our way.

• Applications are becoming data-intensive.

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What Do We Do With Data?
Store Share

Access Process

…. and
Encrypt more!

We want to do these seamlessly...

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Using Diverse Interfaces & Devices

Desktops
Mobile Devices

…and even appliances

Consumer Electronics

We also want to access, share and process our data

from all of our devices, anytime, anywhere!

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What About the Future?
How will you…

…work on documents?
…get your news & info?

…create, access, store

and share media? …navigate?

…communicate with …live in an intelligent

friends and family? home?

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…
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 Has this Happened Before?

Innovation Product Service

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 Think of it this Way …
Evolution of water Utility

Get a continuous
Generate your own Buy it as a supply of the utility
utility product through a dedicated
connection

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 …and Banking?
Evolution of Banking

Traditional Banking
No Banks
Banking Instruments Internet Banking
(Take care of your
(Give your money (Cheques / Credit (…more services)
own money )
to the bank) Cards)

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So What is
Cloud
Computing?

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Can We Define Cloud Computing?
“Cloud Computing is the transformation
of IT from a product to a service”

Innovation Product Service

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 Cloud Computing
Transformation of IT from a Product to a Service

Innovation of IT IT Products Cloud Computing

New Disruptive Buy and Maintain On-Demand IT
services on a Pay-as
Technology the Technology You-Go basis

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So… how would you transform
information technology into a
Service?

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 Requirements to Transform IT
to a Service
• Connectivity • Ease of Programmability
• For moving data around • Ease of development of complex
services to users
• Interactivity
• Manage Large Amounts
• Seamless interfaces
of Data
• Reliability • Big Data
• Failure will affect many people,
not just one • Efficiency
• Cost Power
• Performance
• It should not be slower or less • Scalability & Elasticity
efficient than what people already • Flexible and rapid response to
have changing user needs
• Pay-as-you-Go
• Should not pay an upfront fee for
the service 19
Requirements to Transform IT
to a Service
Combine the Enabling
Technologies…

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 Cloud Computing
Think of it as Internet Computing
Computation done over the
Internet
• High Bandwidth
• High Speed Internet
Enabling • Cloud
Virtualization
Technologies • Utility Computing
Computing

• …

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… for a more complete
definition!
Cloud Computing is the
delivery of computing as a
service rather than a
product,

whereby shared
resources, software, and
information are provided to
computers and other
devices,

as a metered service over

a network.

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 Why Cloud Computing?

Pay-as-You-Go Simplified IT Scale quickly Flexible options Resource Carbon

economic model management and effortlessly • Configure software Utilization is Footprint
• Reduce capital • All you need is • Resources can be packages, instance improved decreased
expenditure access to the rented and released types operating • Reduce Idle • Sharing of resources
• No upfront internet. as required systems. resources by sharing means less servers,
cost • It’s the providers • Software Controlled • Any software and cosolidation less power and less
• Reduced Time to responsibility to • Instant scalablility platform • Better utilization of emissions.
Market manage the details. • Access from any CPU / Storage and
machine connected Bandwidth.
to the Internet

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Applications Enabled by Cloud
Computing
High Growth Applications Aperiodic Bursting Applications

Startup Seasonal
Businesses Businesses

On-Off Applications Periodic Applications

Changing
Research computational
Computing patterns over
time

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 High Growth Applications
2001 2006

vs.
Could not keep up with the growth Growing exponentially
of their number of users.

What do you do when your

startup gains traction?

Can you grow

quick
enough?

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 High Growth Applications
Animoto’s Facebook Plugin doubled traffic to the
site every 12 hours for 3 days.
They could scale from 50 servers to 3500 and go
back down using cloud computing services
Users use it to
produce video
pieces from their What do you do when your
photos, video clips startup gains traction?
and music.

Can you grow

quick
enough?

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Animoto
 Aperiodic Bursting
Applications
Website went down on 9/11/2001 due to traffic

February 14th – Busiest Day of the Year

US Holiday Season

Website crashed within 10 minutes of the free trouser

promotion during Superbowl 2010

Even if you design your website infrastructure to

handle peak loads, wont it be idle during other
times? 29
 On-Off Applications
Researchers running large-scale scientific
simulation using 1000s of computers.
Modern Drug Discovery

• Data-intensive simulation and tests to

discover new compounds
• Large compute power required for
simulation jobs
• Time to market is crucial

Why not rent computer time to run

these simulations? 30
 Periodic Applications
Sock Market
Analysis

• Different compuational requirements

over time
• Mine market data during the day.
• Process and Analyze at night.

Dynamic and Flexible infrastructure can

reduce costs and improve performance.
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 Technical Challenges
Moving large data is still expensive
Security
Quality of Service
Green computing
Internet Dependence

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 Non-Technical Challenges
Vendor Lock-In
Non-standardized
Security Risks
Privacy
Legal
Service Level
Agreements

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Primary Textbook

The Cloud At Your

Service
Jothy Rosenberg, Arthur Mateos
2011, Manning Publications

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Reference Books
• Virtual Machines : Versatile Platforms
for Systems and Processes
James E. Smith and Ravi Nair,
Morgan Kauffman, 2005
• Programming Amazon EC2
Jurg van Vilet and Flavia Paganelli,
O'Reilly Media, 2011
• Mahout in Action
Sean Owen, Robin Anil, Ted Dunning and
Ellen Friedman, Manning Publications,
2011
• Hadoop in Action
Chuck Lam, Manning Publications, 2011
• More ...

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 Special Note on Amazon EC2

Paid Cloud Service – you are billed by the

hour.
Start a resource only when you need
them.
Terminate resources as soon as you are
done with them.
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Questions?

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