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Cells and Chemical Components of Cells

PPt sel dan komponen kimia sel mata kuliah biologi umum

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wanluzni
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15 views27 pages

Cells and Chemical Components of Cells

PPt sel dan komponen kimia sel mata kuliah biologi umum

Uploaded by

wanluzni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CELLS AND CHEMICAL

COMPONENTS OF CELLS
By : Wan Luzni Rimelahas, S.Pd, M.Si
table of 01
contents: Cells
02
Structure and
basic functions.

03
chemical components
of cells.
Cell
structural, functional and biological
unit of an organism.
A cell is the smallest unit of life and
the fundamental building block of all
living things
Prokaryotic
Lack a defined Prokaryotic
nucleus

Types Plant

of Cells
Animal
Eukaryotic
Have a defined
nucleus

Protist

Fungal
Composed of several fundamental components

Ribosome Rough endoplasmic


Cell membrane Nucleus Golgi Apparatus
reticulum.

Lysosome and
Mitochondria Chloroplasts peroxisome Centriole Microtubules
Structure and basic
functions
Cell membrane
• Protecting the integrity of the
interior cell.
• Providing support and maintaining
the shape of the cell.
• Helps in regulating cell growth
through the balance of endocytosis
and exocytosis.
• The cell membrane also plays an
important role in cell signalling and
communication.
• Acts as a selectively permeable
membrane by allowing the entry of
only selected substances into the
Cell nucleus

An organelle that houses DNA, located


in the center of eukaryotic cells.

Its primary function is to store and


safeguard genetic information,
controlling gene expression and DNA
replication.

It also contains the nucleolus, which is


involved in ribosome synthesis.
Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm is the fluid that fills cells and


serves several important functions.

• It plays a crucial role in biochemical


reactions, energy production, and
substance transport.
• Essential for cellular metabolism
• provides structural support to the
cell.
Ribosome
Ribosomes are macromolecular
machines found in all cells that
perform protein synthesis. They read
messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences
and translate the genetic code into
amino acids, which then grow into long
chains that fold to form proteins.
Endoplasmic reticulum

A network of interconnected membranes that


extends from the nuclear membrane to the
cell membrane. It plays a fundamental role in
the transport, processing, and distribution of
proteins and lipids within the cell.

There are two main types of ER:

• The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) is


studded with ribosomes and is involved in
the synthesis and modification of proteins.

• The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)


specializes in lipid synthesis, carbohydrate
metabolism, and detoxification.
Golgi apparatus
a membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic
cells that processes and packages proteins
and lipids from endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria

Present in eukaryotic animal and plant


cells. Their primary function is energy
generation through cellular respiration
(ATP production).
Chloroplasts
Exclusive to plant cells and
photosynthetic organisms

Chloroplast has responsible for


photosynthesis, converting solar energy
into chemical energy.
Lysosomes Peroxisomes
They contain enzymes that degrade
They contain digestive enzymes that
hydrogen peroxide and toxic
break down molecules and unwanted
compounds, thereby protecting the cell
cellular materials.
from oxidative damage.
Cytoskeleton

consist of protein filaments:


• microtubules
• microfilaments
• intermediate filaments

functions:
• provides support
• enables movement in eukaryotic cells.
Flagella and cilia

Specialized structures for movement.


They are elongated and enable
locomotion in liquid environments,
whereas cilia are shorter and create
coordinated flow on the cell surface.
Vacuoles

Membrane-bound organelles found in


plant cells and some animal cells. They
store nutrients, water, ions, and waste
materials, regulating turgor pressure
and osmotic balance.
Vesicles and endosomes

Vesicles:
• transport materials from the
endoplasmic reticulum and the
Golgi apparatus to other
destinations.

Endosomes:
• capture and distribute materials for
degradation, recycling, or their
incorporation into metabolic
pathways.
chemical
components of cells
anorganics water, gasses and ion

chemical carbohydrate
components
protein

organics

lipid

nucleic acid
waters:
• structure
• transports
• chemical reactions
• osmoregulation

gasses:
• respiration
• gasses exchange residues

ions:
• osmotic pressure
• electrical signalling
• stimulus for muscle
carbohydrate

• monosaccharides
• dissaccharides
• polysaccharides

functions:
• primary energy source
• cells recognitions
• building macromolecules
protein

• structural
• transport
• enzymes
• hormones
• contractile
lipids
lipid acids and glicerole

• cells membranes
• energy production
• storage
• hormones productions
nucleic acids

• controls gene activity


• carry genetics information
Thank you!

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