LEARNER-

Teaching
CENTERED
Philosophical Perspectives

TEACHER - LEARNER -
CENTERED CENTERED
PHILOSOPHIES PHILOSOPHIES
• Essentialism • Progressivism
• Perennialism • Humanism
• Constructivis
m
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 ESSENTI
Back to Focus on Subject-matter

ALISM
Basics 3Rs centered

Essence precedes Specialist

existence
 PERENN
Classical Eternal The Great

IALISM
Tradition truths Works

Disciplines of
literature, Math, Generalist
Languages and
History
 PROGRES
Education of the Active interplay with

SIVISM
whole child

Learning by doing
others

Scientific Method and

problem solving
 HUMANIS
Individual’s

M
Freedom
choice

Existence precedes Unique Individual

essence
 CONSTR
Involved in the

UCTIVISM
Reconstruct
problems of the society
society
 Let’s test your understanding!
1. This teaching-centered philosophy believes in
teaching students the accumulated knowledge of
our civilization through core courses in the
traditional academic disciplines

A. essentialism
B. existentialism
C. perennialism
D. progressivism
 Let’s test your understanding!
1. This teaching-centered philosophy believes in
teaching students the accumulated knowledge of
our civilization through core courses in the
traditional academic disciplines

A. essentialism
B. existentialism
C. perennialism
D. progressivism
 Let’s test your understanding!
2. This type of learning involves the individual
students’ learning and the teacher acts as a
facilitator in the classroom.

A. principal-centered learning
B. school-centered learning
C. student-centered learning
D. teaching-centered learning
 Let’s test your understanding!
2. This type of learning involves the individual
students’ learning and the teacher acts as a
facilitator in the classroom.

A. principal-centered learning
B. school-centered learning
C. student-centered learning
D. teaching-centered learning
 Let’s test your understanding!
3. Marie is a third grade teacher and is playing a
monopoly-like game with her students to review
for their math test. After the game, she will also
let her students work together and play math
games on the computer. Marie's approach is
related to

A. essentialism
B. existentialism
C. perennialism
D. progressivism
 Let’s test your understanding!
3. Marie is a third grade teacher and is playing a
monopoly-like game with her students to review
for their math test. After the game, she will also
let her students work together and play math
games on the computer. Marie's approach is
related to

A. essentialism
B. existentialism
C. perennialism
D. progressivism
 Let’s test your understanding!
4. Which characteristic would NOT be found in a
teacher-centered classroom?

A. cooperative learning
B. lecturing
C. strict rules
D. students taking notes off the blackboard
 Let’s test your understanding!
4. Which characteristic would NOT be found in a
teacher-centered classroom?

A. cooperative learning
B. lecturing
C. strict rules
D. students taking notes off the blackboard
 Let’s test your understanding!
5. Teacher Dex views his students as a unique,
free choosing and responsible individuals. He
encourages them to develop their own
individualities. He adheres to:

A. Humanism
B. Constructivism
C. Essentialism
D. Progressivism
 Let’s test your understanding!
5. Teacher Dex views his students as a unique,
free choosing and responsible individuals. He
encourages them to develop their own
individualities. He adheres to:

A. Humanism
B. Constructivism
C. Essentialism
D. Progressivism
 Let’s test your understanding!
6. The design of the 2002 Basic Education
Curriculum (BEC) is based on the principles that
the main sources for contemporary basic
education are the expert systems of knowledge
and the learner's experience in their context. This
shows that the BEC is _____ in orientation.
I. constructivist II. behaviorist III. essentialist
A. I and III
B. III only
C. I only
D. I, II, and II
 Let’s test your understanding!
6. The design of the 2002 Basic Education
Curriculum (BEC) is based on the principles that
the main sources for contemporary basic
education are the expert systems of knowledge
and the learner's experience in their context. This
shows that the BEC is _____ in orientation.
I. constructivist II. behaviorist III. essentialist
A. I and III
B. III only
C. I only
D. I, II, and III
 Let’s test your understanding!
7. Philippines’ Elementary Curriculum emphasizes
on the development of the skill in writing,
counting and reading.This manifests what
philosophy?

A. Humanism
B. Essentialism
C. Perennialism
D. Constructivism
 Let’s test your understanding!
7. Philippines’ Elementary Curriculum emphasizes
on the development of the skill in writing,
counting and reading.This manifests what
philosophy?

A. Humanism
B. Essentialism
C. Perennialism
D. Constructivism
 Let’s test your understanding!
8. School emphasizes the importance of
Humanities in the curriculum. To which Philosophy
they adhere?

A. Perennialism
B. Essentialism
C. Humanism
D. Constructivism
 Let’s test your understanding!
8. School emphasizes the importance of
Humanities in the curriculum. To which Philosophy
they adhere?

A. Perennialism
B. Essentialism
C. Humanism
D. Constructivism
 Let’s test your understanding!
9. Education is a continuous process. This a belief
of a ____.

A. Perennialist
B. Essentialist
C. Progressivist
D. Constructivist
 Let’s test your understanding!
9. Education is a continuous process. This a belief
of a ____.

A. Perennialist
B. Essentialist
C. Progressivist
D. Constructivist
 Let’s test your understanding!
10. ____ claims that reality is politically, socially,
and economically formed.

A. Progressivist
B. Constructivist
C. Humanist
D. Essentialist
 Let’s test your understanding!
10. ____ claims that reality is politically, socially,
and economically formed.

A. Progressivist
B. Constructivist
C. Humanist
D. Essentialist
 Dimensions of
learner- centered
teaching
The function of content
The role of the instructor
The responsibility of learning
The purposes and processes of
assessment
The balance of power
 The focus of
content
• focus on higher-order thinking rather
than
memorization, allowing learners to
actively
explore and reflect on their learning
• Personalized learning involves
differentiating
 The focus of
content
Educators can adjust their teaching
methods in several ways. They could:
Differentiate Content Difficulty
Letting each student choose
their own person to study for
black history month.
 The focus of
content
Educators can adjust their teaching
methods in several ways. They could:
Differentiate Learning Process
Letting students learn according
to their preferred learning style,
such as letting them choose
between watching videos,
reading book, and being told a
story.
 The focus of
content
Educators can adjust their teaching
methods in several ways. They could:
Differentiate Assessments
Letting students choose how to
present their work, such as
through a video, performance,
essay or poster.
 The focus of
content
Educators can adjust their teaching
methods in several ways. They could:
Differentiate Learning Environment
Letting students choose
between studying online or in-
person.
 The role of the
instructor
• serve as a facilitator that promotes
learning rather than a content expert or
authoritarian classroom manager.
• An essential role of the instructor is to
assist students to learn.
• Teacher Professionalization - teachers
need opportunities to ask questions
themselves, try out new strategies and
learn from experts throughout their
career.
 The role of the
instructor
10 Essential Characteristics of a 21st
Century Educator by George Couros

RELATIONSHIP
BUILDER LEARNER INCLUSIVE REFLECTIVE NETWORKED

INNOVATOR LEADER STORYTELLER DESIGNER ARTIST

 The responsibility for
learning
• Promote independent, active and
autonomous learning, as learners
become more responsible for their own
learning.
• Learners who accept the idea that their
own efforts are crucial to their progress
in learning
• Student can make choice according to
his/her needs during the process and so
he/she becomes responsible for his/her
own learning as s/he is active in the
 The purposes of
assessment
• Diagnostic assessments - to understand
student knowledge and engage your whole
classroom.
• Formative assessments - understand
student learning while they teach, and provide
them with information to adjust their teaching
strategies accordingly.
• Summative assessments - measure student
progress as an assessment of learning.
Standardized tests are a type of summative
assessment and provide data for you, school
 The purposes of
assessment
• Norm-referenced assessments are tests
designed to compare an individual to a group
of their peers, usually based on national
standards and occasionally adjusted for age,
ethnicity or other demographics.
• Criterion-referenced assessments -
compare the score of an individual student to
a learning standard and performance level,
independent of other students around them.
 The purposes of
assessment
• Rubrics are both a tool to measure students'
knowledge and ability as well as an assessment
strategy. A rubric allows teachers to measure
certain skills and abilities not measurable by
standardized testing systems that assess
discrete knowledge at a fixed moment in time
• Performance-based Assessments (PBA),
also known as project-based or authentic
assessments, are generally used as a summative
evaluation strategy to capture not only what
students know about a topic, but if they have
the skills to apply that knowledge in a "real-
world" situation. By asking them to create an
end product
 The purposes of
assessment
• Portfolio Assessment are a collection of
student work gathered over time that is
primarily used as a summative evaluation
method. The most salient characteristic of the
portfolio assessment is that rather than being a
snapshot of a student's knowledge at one point
in time (like a single standardized test), it
highlights student effort, development, and
achievement over a period of time.
 The balance of power
• Challenge the traditional power
structure and the role of authority in
the classroom.
• According to the learner centered
education achieving a balance means
that there is a power sharing between
the teacher and the student. The
authority is not in the hands of the
teacher as in the traditional education,
but it is shared with the student.
Learner-Centered
Teaching: Focus on
engagement and ● Assessment: Promoting
interaction learning through feedback
● Power Balance:
●Content: Tool for making Collaborative learning
learning relevant environment
●Instructor Role: Facilitator
of knowledge
●Student Responsibility:
Ownership of learning
Thank
You