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STM 003 - Module 16-18

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4 views29 pages

STM 003 - Module 16-18

Uploaded by

MS. SHERYL
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Module 16

OBJECTIVES:
1. Describe and explain planetary motion
using Kepler’s Law.
2. Calculate the distances and periods of
objects orbiting a planet.
FIRST LAW – THE LAW OF
ELLIPSES
It explains that planets are orbiting the sun in a path described as an ellipse.

PERIHELION- a point on a planet’s orbit


that is closest to the Sun.
APHELION- a point on a planet orbit that is
farthest from the Sun.
SECOND LAW- THE LAW OF
EQUAL AREAS
It describes the speed at which any given planet will move while orbiting the sun.
The speed at which any planet moves through space is constantly changing.
 A planet moves fastest when it is closest to the Sun and slowest when it is furthest from the
Sun. Yet, if an imaginary line were drawn from the center of the planet to the center of the sun,
that line would sweep out the same area in equal periods of time.
An imaginary line joining a planet and the sun sweeps out an equal area of space in equal
amounts of time.
The dot pattern shows that as the planet is closest the sun, the planet is moving fastest and as
the planet is farthest from the sun, it is moving slowest. Nonetheless, the imaginary line joining
the center of the planet to the center of the sun sweeps out the same amount of area in each
equal interval of time.
LAW
THIRD OF HARMONIES
LAW-
This law compares the orbital period and radius of orbit of a planet to those of other planets.
The ratio of the squares of the periods (the time needed for one revolution about the Sun) of
any two planets revolving about the Sun is equal to the ratio of the cubes about their mean
distances from the Sun.
T1 & T2 represents the periods of any two planets
R1& R2 represent their mean distances from the Sun
SAMPLE PROBLEMS ABOUT THE THIRD LAW
ACTIVITY 5: CHECK YOUR
UNDERSTANDING
ACTIVITY 5:
CHECK YOUR
UNDERSTANDING

STEP -BY -STEP


SOLUTION
APPLYING
SIMPLE
HARMONIC
MOTION
MODULE 17
OBJECTIVES:
1. Describe periodic and simple harmonic motion
using the concept of amplitude, period and
frequency.
2. Solve problems related to simple harmonic
motion.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Periodic motion is a motion in which acceleration is proportional to the distance from an
equilibrium position and is directed toward that equilibrium.
Oscillation is a periodic motion in certain direction.
Period (T) is the time taken for an oscillating object to complete one full oscillation and it is
measured in seconds.
Frequency ( f ) is the number of oscillations undergone in one second, and is measured in hertz
(Hz).
Displacement is the distance the particle has been moved from its equilibrium position and is
measured in meters.
Amplitude is the maximum displacement of the vibrating object from the equilibrium position
(its usual position).
TERMS
FORMULA FOR SHM
DEFINING
MECHANICAL
WAVES
MODULE 18
Lesson Objectives:
Identify the definition of mechanical waves,
their classification and properties.
Solve problems involving mechanical waves.
PARTS OF A WAVE

1. What is the name of the wave characteristics at location at A? ____wavelength__________


2. What is the name of the wave characteristics at location at B? ____crests______________
3. What is the name of the wave characteristics at location at C? ____troughs_____________
4. What is the name of the wave characteristics at location at D? ____amplitude___________
Definition of a Wave
A disturbance or variation that transfers energy
progressively from point to point in a medium and
that may take the form of an elastic deformation or
of a variation of pressure, electric or magnetic
intensity, electric potential, or temperature.
 A wave is a disturbance or variation which travels
through a medium.
ADDITIONAL NOTES
Waves don’t transfer matter.
In a wave, molecules pass energy on to neighboring molecules.
All waves are produced by something that vibrates.
A material through which a wave travel is a medium. It can be solid, liquid or
gas.
Not all waves need a medium through which to travel.
Mechanical waves need a medium to travel. They cannot travel through an
empty space.
TYPES OF WAVES

EXAMPLES:
 TRANSVERSE WAVES (WATER WAVE)
 LONGITUDINAL WAVES (SOUND WAVES)
ADDITIONAL TERMS
RAREFACTION- is a point on a medium through which a longitudinal wave is traveling that has
the minimum density.
COMPRESSION- is a point on a medium through which a longitudinal wave is traveling that has
the maximum density.
QUALITIES USED IN
DESCRIBING WAVES
Amplitude (A) -the maximum displacement or distance moved by a point on a vibrating body or wave measured
from its equilibrium position. It is equal to one-half the length of the vibration path.
Wavelength (λ) is the distance between identical points (adjacent crests) in the adjacent cycles of a waveform signal
propagated in space or along a wire. In wireless systems, this length is usually specified in meters (m), centimeters
(cm) or millimeters (mm).
Frequency (f ). The frequency is the number of waves passing a point each second. The unit of frequency is the
Hertz (Hz). 1 Hz = 1 wave per second. (1 megahertz = 1 MHz = 10 6 Hz; 1 gigahertz = 1GHz = 109 Hz)
Period (T). The period is the time (in seconds) for one wave to pass a point. We can calculate the period using this
equation .
Speed (v). It is the horizontal speed of a point on a wave as it propagates. It can be solved using or .
The velocity of a wave depends on properties of medium in which it travels. The velocity of a wave on s stretched
string, for example, depends on the tension in the string, FT, and on the string’s mass per unit length, or m/L. For
waves of small amplitude, the relationship is
.
FAQs

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