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Components of Computer

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Muhammad Naeem
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9 views

Components of Computer

Uploaded by

Muhammad Naeem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE 1: MAINTAIN COMPUTER SYSTEM

Basic components
of
Computer
MODULE 1: MAINTAIN COMPUTER SYSTEM
COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
There are three basic components of
computer system. CPU or system unit, Input
unit and Output unit.
• CPU or System Unit
• Input Unit
• Output Unit

MODULE 1: MAINTAIN COMPUTER SYSTEM


1. CPU OR SYSTEM UNIT
• System unit is a base for computer system. That commonly known as
CPU (Central Processing Unit).
The central processing unit is "brain" of computer , which consists of the
following three main parts:

1.1 Memory Unit:


• consists of primary memory and secondary memory. In primary memory,
RAM (Random Access Memory which is primary memory that loads the
required data and erase it at the time of shutdown/restart. In secondary
memory which store information on disc drives / devices permanently this
can
be used in future again and again.
• 1.2 Control Unit: it controls all the devices (peripheral devices) which
attached to the computer.
•
MODULE 1: MAINTAIN COMPUTER SYSTEM
1.3 ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit):
• It is also called Microprocessor which is the brain of the computer, which
deals with all the arithmetic (additions, multiplication, subtractions) and
logical operations (greater, less then, equal etc.) of the computer.

MODULE 1: MAINTAIN COMPUTER SYSTEM


• 2. Input Unit
Input unit /devices are used for giving input to the
computer for processing. There are many types of input
devices like keyboard, mouse and scanner.
•
3. Output Unit
Output unit/ devices are used for giving and display
output to the user. There are many types of output
devices like printer, speaker and monitor.

MODULE 1: MAINTAIN COMPUTER SYSTEM


HARDWARE
• The physical parts of a computer are called hardware. The user can see
and touch hardware. Keyboard and mouse are most examples of
hardware.

MODULE 1: MAINTAIN COMPUTER SYSTEM


SOFTWARE
• The set of instructions given to the
computer to perform a task is
called software.

MODULE 1: MAINTAIN COMPUTER SYSTEM


THE TWO MAIN TYPES OF SOFTWARE ARE SYSTEM SOFTWARE AND
APPLICATION SOFTWARE. FOLLOWING ARE THE TWO MAIN TYPES OF
SOFTWARE.

• 2.1 System software: System software is computer software


designed to operate and control the computer hardware and to
provide a platform for running application software it includes
software like operating system Language Software, device
drivers.
• 2.2 Application Software includes Word processing software,
Spreadsheet software, Database software, Education software,
entertainment software and many more.

MODULE 1: MAINTAIN COMPUTER SYSTEM


3. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
Operating System

An operating system (OS) is a set of programs contains instructions


that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer
hardware resources. Most operating systems perform similar functions
that include starting and shutting down a computer, providing a user
interface, managing programs, managing memory, coordinating tasks,
configuring devices, establishing an Internet connection, monitoring
performance, providing file management and other utilities, and
automatically updating itself and certain utility programs .

MODULE 1: MAINTAIN COMPUTER SYSTEM


TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
Operating systems usually preinstalled on the computer when it is
purchased. Mostly people use the operating System that
preinstalled on their computer, but it is possible to upgrade or even
reinstall new operating systems. The most common operating
systems for personal computers are :
Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS X, and Linux, Unix etc.

MODULE 1: MAINTAIN COMPUTER SYSTEM


1. MICROSOFT WINDOWS
• Microsoft created the Windows operating system in themid-1980s. Over the years, there
have been many
different versions of Windows, but the most popular ones are Windows 7 (released in
2009), Windows Vista
(2007) and Windows XP (2001). Windows is very compatible and user friendly which
makes it the most popular
operating system in the world. If you're buying a new computer or upgrading to a new
version of Windows, you
can choose from several different editions of Windows, including Home, Premium,
Professional, and Ultimate.

MODULE 1: MAINTAIN COMPUTER SYSTEM


2. APPLE MAC OS X
Mac OS is a line of operating systems created by Apple Inc. It is also
preinstalled on all new Macintosh computers, or Macs. All of the recent
versions are known as Mac OS X (pronounced Mac O-S Ten), and their
specific version names are Lion (released in 2011), Snow Leopard (2009) and
Leopard (2007). Apple also offers aversion called Mac OS X Server, which is
designed to operate on servers. The Apple operating system does have some
disadvantages, primarily in regard to software and hardware compatibility

MODULE 1: MAINTAIN COMPUTER SYSTEM


3. LINUX
Linux operating system is developed on a kernel, based on Unix. It is known as
one of the most secure platforms, yet Linux is often viewed as more complex.
Linux is a family of open source operating systems, which means that they can
be modified and distributed by anyone around the world. This is very different
from proprietary software like Windows, which can only be modified by the
company that owns it (Microsoft). The advantages of Linux are that it is free,
and there are many different distributions (versions) that
can choose from. Linux is named after Linus Torvalds, who created the Linux
kernel in 1991.

MODULE 1: MAINTAIN COMPUTER SYSTEM


MODULE 1: MAINTAIN COMPUTER SYSTEM

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