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Visual Acuity

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TehminaAli
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12 views

Visual Acuity

Uploaded by

TehminaAli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Visual Acuity
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What is Visual Acuity?..

 Resolving power of the eye.

OR

 The ability to separate two objects as separate.

 6/6 is normal visual acuity measuredat the distance


of 6 meters.
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Uses

 Visual function

 Refractive status

 Outcome measure for a treatment

 Medico legal purpose

 Criteria for: person fitness to drive, or ability to enter into a


certain profession
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Visual Angle

 The angle
subtended at the
nodal point of the
eye by physical
dimensions of an
object in visual
field.

 Depends upon;

1. Distance.

2. Size of object.
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Components of Visual Acuity

 Minimum Detectable (visible).

 Minimun Seperable (resolution).

 Minimum Cognizable (recognition).

 Minimum Discriminable (hyperacuity).


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Minimum Detectable:
 Ability to determine whether or not an object is present in visual
field.

 The limit for this visual acuity is ~ 1 minute of arc.


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Minimum Seperable:
 Discrimination of two spatially seperated targets.

 Normal angular thershold of discrimination for resolution 30-60


seconds of an arc. (minimum angle of resolution).
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Minimum Cogniziable:
 Not only discrimination of the spatial characteristics of the
pattern but also the pattern with which they have previous
experience.

 Identification of faces, letters, symbols, pictures etc.


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Minimum Discriminable:
 Ability to determine whether or not two parallel and straight lines
are aligned in the frontal plane.
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Factors affecting Visual Acuity

Overall
 Illumination of test object.

 Contrast of letters.

 Pupil Size.

 Congnitive Ability.

 Ocular Health.

 Refractive Status.
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Physical factor

 Those which influence the light characteristics of the


distribution and hence influence the nature of retinal
image.
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Physiological factor

Stimulus related Observer related


 Luminance of test object.  Retinal locus of stimulation.

 Geometrical configuration.  Pupil size

 Contrast difference of  Accomodation.


stimulus from background.
 Effect of eye movement.
 Exposure duration of
 Optical elements of eye.
stimulus.
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Snellen’s Distance Acuity Chart

 Tumbling E chart.

 Landolt C chart.

 LogMAR chart.
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Near Acuity Charts

 Jaeger’s chart.

 Roman test types.

 Snellen’s near-vision
test types.

 Lea near-vision cards.


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Thank you..

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