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Y8 - T1 - W4 - Revision On Coasts

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237 views21 pages

Y8 - T1 - W4 - Revision On Coasts

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zaheersumera1991
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Coasts Revision

Year 8
What are coasts?
• The coast is where land meets the sea.
They are shaped and changed by waves
and humans.
• Coasts are the worlds’ most populated
areas, as they offer plentiful resources
including food, building materials and
energy.
• What are some of the coasts that you
know of?
Waves
How are waves created?
• Waves are created by wind blowing
over the surface of the sea.
• When these waves reach the coast,
they break and shape the coastline.

How do waves shape the coastlines?


• They Erode
• They Deposit
• They Transport
How do waves shape
the coastline?
Coasts are shaped by the sea and the
action of the waves in three ways:
• Erosion – waves can erode the
coastline just like a river can erode
the surrounding area
• Deposition – waves deposits sand,
rock and other particles on the coast.
• Transportation – waves move the
eroded material up and down the
coast.
How do Humans shape the
coastline?
Humans change the coasts by building
on them or using them in other ways.
• Construction and engineering
• Development of tourist facilities like
hotels, campsites, beach activity sites.
• Creations of dunes
• Creation of hard structures like jetties
Check your answers
What is a coast?
List three ways in which
• A coast is where the land meets the
sea. waves shape the
How are coasts changed by coastline?
humans? 1. Erosion – it can erode just like
• Humans change the coasts by a river can erode the surrounding
building on them or using them in
other ways. For example, area
construction, Engineering, 2. Deposition – it deposits sand,
Development of tourist facilities like
hotels, campsites, beach activity rock and other particles on the
sites, etc. coastline
How are waves created? 3. Transportation – moves the
• Waves are created by wind blowing eroded material up and down the
over the surface of the sea. coast.
Tides
• The gravitational pull causes the sea
levels to rise and fall. The high and
low water levels are known as tides.
• When the sea reaches its lowest level
for the day, it is called low tide.
• When the sea reaches its highest
level for the day, it is called high tide.
What are waves?
Waves are created when the wind blows over the sea.
In the ocean, waves move in circular motions towards the
coast. They break on the coastline as the motion breaks
on shallow ground.
• The length of water the wind blows over is called fetch.
• Swash – Waves that break at the shore (coastline).
• Uprush – Water that rushes up the sand.
• Backwash – The water rolling back into the sea.
9

Can you guess the meaning of each process?

1) The length of water the


a) Swash wind blows over

2) The water rolling back into


b) Fetch the sea.

c) Uprush 3) Waves that break at the


shore

3) Water that rushes up the


c) Backwash sand
Draw neatly and label correctly. (10 marks)

TOPIC: Diagram showing the features of the waves DATE:


Check your answers
1. What are waves? 1. What is the water that breaks at
a) Waves are created when the the shore called?
wind blows over the sea. In the a) Swash
ocean, waves move in circular 2. What are tides?
motions towards the coast. a) The gravitational pull of the
They break on the coastline as moon causes the sea levels to
the motion breaks on shallow rise and fall. The high and low
ground. water levels are known as tides.
2. In what motion do waves move 3. If the wind that blows over the
towards the coast? sea is strong, what kind of waves
a) Circular motion will we get at the coast?
3. What is the fetch? a) Larger and stronger waves with
a) The length of water the wind more energy.
blows over
Can you guess the meaning of
each process?
1) Waves carry the
a) Erosion eroded material away.
2) Waves deposit the
b)Transport material in sheltered area
where they lose energy

c) Deposition 3) Waves wear


away the coast.

12
What do Waves
do?
• Waves move constantly and shape
the coastline.
• They do this in 3 different
processes:
1. Erosion
2. Transportation
3. Deposition
• Erosion, Transportation and
Deposition are key processes in the
shaping of coastal landforms.
13
Erosion.
Erosion is the wearing
away of rocks along the
coastline.

Four different types of


erosion.
1. Hydraulic action.
2. Abrasion.
3. Attrition.
4. Solution.

14
Erosion is the wearing away or rocks along the coastline.
The rocks erode in three ways:

1. Hydraulic action – the waves crash against the rocks and force the water into
the cracks in the rock and break the rock.

2. Abrasion – waves fling sand and pebbles against the rock and wear the rock
away like sandpaper (or a nail file).

3. Attrition – bits of broken rocks get worn down by knocking against each other
and turn into pebbles and sand.

4. Solution – water dissolves the soluble material from the rock into the water.

The stronger and bigger the waves, the faster the erosion and softer the rocks will
be.
Transport is when the waves carry
the eroded material away.
• The movement of the material is
known as longshore drift.

• Waves approach the coast at an


angle because of the direction of
prevailing wind.

• Waves carry hundreds of


thousands of tonnes of pebbles
and sand along the coastline.
Longshore
Drift
Deposition is when waves deposit the
material in sheltered area where they
lose energy

A beach is formed when waves deposit more material on


the land

Beaches form in sheltered areas when the material is left


on the land.

Some beaches are made of pebbles and some of sand.


Plenary / (These must
be answered in the
copybooks.

• X and Y are two pebbles


made from the same rock.
a. Which one has been in
the water longer? Explain.
b. Name the process that
made Y smooth.

19
20

Plenary

a. Which one has been in the water longer? Explain.


a) Pebble Y because it looks smaller and rounder.

b. Name the process that made Y smooth.


b) Pebbles that move with the waves become smaller and rounder
as they collide into each other by the process of abrasion.
Study all the
PPTs well for
Assessment
1

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