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PL1 Lecture 9 String

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PL1 Lecture 9 String

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simmxd0
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© © All Rights Reserved
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STRING IN C LANGUAGE

Course Title: Programming language 1

Dept. of Computer Science


Faculty of Science and Technology

Lecturer No: 09 Week No: 10 Semester: Fall 23-24


Lecturer: Md. Faruk Abdullah Al Sohan; [email protected]
Lecture Outline

 List of topics,
 The concept of string
 Examples of string
 String Functions
The concept of STRING

 C Strings are nothing, but array of characters ended with null


character (‘\0’).
 This null character indicates the end of the string.

 Strings are always enclosed by double quotes.Whereas, character is


enclosed by single quotes in C.
Examples of STRING declaration
 char string[20] = {‘f’, ’r’, ‘e’, ‘s’, ‘h’, ‘2’, ‘r’, ‘e’, ‘f’, ’r’, ‘e’, ‘s’, ‘h’, ‘\0’};
(or)
 char string[20] = “fresh2refresh”;
(or)
 char string [] = “fresh2refresh”;
Difference between above declarations are, when we declare char as
“string[20]”, 20 bytes of memory space is allocated for holding the string
value.
When we declare char as “string[]”, memory space will be allocated as per
the requirement during execution of the program.
Example

#include <stdio.h>

int main ()
{
char string[20] = "this is a
string";

printf("The string is : %s \n",


string );
return 0;
}
STRING Functions
String.h header file supports all the string functions in C language.

String functions Description


strcat ( ) Concatenates str2 at the end of str1
strncat ( ) Appends a portion of string to another
strcpy ( ) Copies str2 into str1
strncpy ( ) Copies given number of characters of one string to another
strlen ( ) Gives the length of str1
strcmp ( ) Returns 0 if str1 is same as str2. Returns <0 if strl < str2. Returns >0 if
str1 > str2
strcmpi ( ) Same as strcmp() function. But this function negotiates case. “A” and
“a” are treated as same.
STRING Functions
String.h header file supports all the string functions in C language.

String functions Description


strchr ( ) Returns pointer to first occurrence of char in str1
strrchr ( ) last occurrence of given character in a string is found
strstr ( ) Returns pointer to first occurrence of str2 in str1
strrstr ( ) Returns pointer to last occurrence of str2 in str1
strdup ( ) Duplicates the string
strlwr ( ) Converts string to lowercase
strupr ( ) Converts string to uppercase
strrev ( ) Reverses the given string
strset ( ) Sets all character in a string to given character
strnset ( ) It sets the portion of characters in a string to given character
strtok ( ) Tokenizing given string using delimiter
STRCAT()

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main( )
{
char source[ ] = "
C course" ;
char target[ ]= "
C tutorial" ;

printf ( "\nSource Source string = C course


string =( target,
strcat %s", source ) ; Target string = C tutorial
source ) ; Target string after strcat( ) = C tutorial C course
printf(("\nTarget
printf "\nTargetstring after strcat( ) = %s", target ) ;
} string = %s",
target ) ;
STRNCAT()

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main( )
{
char source[ ] = " C course" ;
char target[ ]= "C tutorial" ;

printf ( "\nSource string = %s", source ) ;


printf ( "\nTarget string = %s", target ) ;
Source string = C course
strncat ( target, source, 5 ) ;
Target string = C tutorial
Target string after strcat( ) = C tutorial C co
printf ( "\nTarget string after strncat( ) = %s",
target );

}
STRCPY()

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main( )
{
char source[ ] = " C Programming" ;
char target[20]= "Hello" ;
printf ( "\nsource string = %s", source ) ;
printf ( "\ntarget string = %s", target ) ;
strcpy ( target, source ) ;
printf ( "\ntarget string after strcpy( ) = %s", Source string = C Programming
target ) ; return 0; Target string = Hello
}
Target string after strcpy( ) = C Programming
STRNCPY()

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main( )
{
char source[ ] = "Programming" ;
char target[20]= "Hello" ;
printf ( "\nsource string = %s", source ) ;
printf ( "\ntarget string = %s", target ) ;
strncpy ( target, source, 3) ; source string = Programming
printf ( "\ntarget string after strncpy( ) = %s", target string = Hello
target ) ; return 0; target string after strncpy( ) = Prolo
}
STRLEN()

#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<string.h>

int main( )
{
int len;
char
array[20]=”
printf
C ( "\string length = %d \n" , String length = 13
len );
Programming"
} return
; 0;

len =
strlen(array) ;
STRCMP()

•strcmp( ) function in C compares two given strings and returns zero if they are same.

•If length of string1 < string2, it returns < 0 value. If length of string1 > string2,
it returns > 0 value. Syntax for strcmp( ) function is given below.
STRCMP()

#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<string.h> int
main( )
{
char str1[ ] =
”This" ;
char str2[ ] =
”is C
Programming
" ; Output:
int i, j, k ; 0
i = strcmp -1
( str1, 1
”This" ) ;
j = strcmp
( str1, str2 ) ;
k = strcmp
( str1, ”T" ) ;
STRNCMP()

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main( )
{
char str1[ ] = "This is a Program";
char str2[ ] = "This is C
Programming";
int i, j;
i = strncmp ( str1, str2, 9) ;
j = strncmp ( str1, str2, 8 ) ;
Output:
printf ( "\n%d %d", i, j) ; 1
return 0; 0
}

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