CSC 307

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND

DESIGN

Prepared by: Dams, Gabriel and Kameel, Buhari January, 2023

Dept. of Computer Science, Kaduna State University (KASU)
 CHAPTER 3:
System Development
Life Cycle (SDLC)

CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 2
 Topics Overview
• What is SDLC?
• Objectives of SDLC
• Phases of SDLC
• Role of system analyst in SDLC.
• Attributes of a system analyst in
SDLC
• What makes up the project team in
SDLC
CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 3
 What is a SDLC?
• Traditional methodology used to develop,
maintain, and replace information
systems.

• System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

is a conceptual model which includes
policies and procedures for developing or
altering systems throughout their life
cycles.

• The SDLC is a phased approach to

analysis and design that holds that
CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 4
 What is SDLC Contd..
• It includes the following activities:

1. Requirements
2. Design
3. Implementation
4. Testing
5. Deployment
6. Operations
7. Maintenance

CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 5
 Objectives of SDLC
• SDLC has three (3) primary objectives:

1. To ensure that high quality systems

are delivered,

2. To provide strong management

controls over the projects, and

3. To maximize the productivity of the

systems staff.
CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 6
 Phases of SDLC
• SDLC is a systematic approach which
explicitly breaks down the work into
phases that are required to implement
either new or modified Information System
(IS).

• The phases are:

• P-lanning
• A-nalysis
• D-esign
• I-mplementation
• M-aintenance
CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 7
 Phases of SDLC
Phase 2. Analysis
 Conduct preliminary
investigation
Phase 1. Phase 3.
 Perform detailed analysis
 Planning
Review project  Design
Acquire
activities:
requests Study current system hardware and
 Prioritize project software, if
Determine user
requests necessary
requirements
 Allocate resources  Develop details
Recommend solution
 Identify project of system
development team

Phase 5. Phase 4.
Maintenance/Support
 Conduct post-  Implementation
Develop programs, if
implementation system necessary
review  Install and test new
 Identify errors and system
enhancements  Train users
 Monitor system  Convert to new system
performance

Fig 3.1: Phases of the SDLC

CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 8
 Phases of SDLC Contd..
• Planning: obtain approval for project,
initiate, assess feasibility, plan and
schedule.
• Analysis: Understand business need and
processing needs.
• Design: Define Solution system based on
requirement and analysis decision.
• Implementation: Construct, test, train
users and Install new system.
• Maintenance: Keep system healthy and
improve.
CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 9
 Phases of SDLC Contd..
• Activities in Planning(feasibility
study):
– Problem and scope definition of existing
system.
– Overview the new system and determine its
objectives.
– Confirm project feasibility and produce the
project Schedule.
– Consider, threats, constraints, integration
and security of system.
CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 10
 Phases of SDLC Contd..
• Activities in Analysis(Analysis &
Specification):
– Gather, analyze, and validate the information.
– Define requirements & prototypes for new
system.
– Evaluate alternatives & prioritize the
requirements.
– Examine the information needs of end-user and
enhances the system goal.
– A Software Requirement Specification (SRS)
document specifying the software, hardware,
CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 11
 Phases of SDLC Contd..
• Activities in System Design
– Includes the design of application, network,
databases, user interfaces etc.

– Two forms of designs are to be considered

during the system design namely:
• Logical Design: all functional features of the
system chosen for development in analysis are
described independently of any computer platform

• Physical Design: the logical specifications of the

system from logical design are transformed into the
technology-specific details from which all
programming and system construction can be
accomplished
CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 12
 Phases of SDLC Contd..
• Activities in System Design Contd..
– Transform the SRS document into logical structure,
which contains detailed and complete set of
specifications that can be implemented in a
programming language.

– Create a contingency, training, maintenance, and

operation plan.

– Review the proposed design. Ensure that the final

design must meet the requirements stated in SRS
document.

– Finally, prepare a design document which will be

used during next phases
CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 13
 Phases of SDLC Contd..
• Activities in Implementation
– Implement the design through coding.

– Combine all the modules together into

training environment that detects errors and
defects.

– Prepare a test plan having test cases to test

application using testing criteria.

– Prepare a test report containing errors

identified and fix the errors.

– Integrate the information system into its

CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 14
 Phases of SDLC Contd..
• Activities in Maintenance/Support
– Includes all the activities such as phone support
or physical on-site support for users that is
required once the system is installing.
– Implement the changes that software might
undergo over a period of time, or implement
any new requirements after the software is
deployed at the customer location.
– Includes handling the residual errors and
resolve any issues that may exist in the system
even after the testing phase.
– It may be needed for a longer time for large
systems and for a short time for smaller systems.
CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 15
 Life Cycle of System Analysis
and Design

Fig. 3.2: Complete life cycle of the system during analysis & design
phase.
CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 16
 Role of System Analyst in SDLC
• The system analyst is a person who is
thoroughly aware of the system and
guides the system development
project by giving proper directions.

• He is an expert having technical and

interpersonal skills to carry out
development tasks required at each
phase.

CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 17
 Role of System Analyst in
SDLC Contd..
• He pursues to match the
objectives of information system
with the organization goal.
Responsible for designing
and developing
information system

Liaison between users

and IT professionals

Fig. 3.3: Summary of the role of a system analyst

CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 18
 Role of System Analyst contd..
• Main Roles
– Defining and understanding the requirement
of user through various Fact finding
techniques.

– Prioritizing the requirements by obtaining

user consensus.

– Gathering the facts or information and

acquires the opinions of users.

– Maintains analysis and evaluation to arrive at

appropriate system which is more user
friendly.
CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 19
 Role of System Analyst contd..
• Main Roles
– Suggests many flexible alternative solutions,
pick the best solution, and quantify cost and
benefits.

– Draw certain specifications which are easily

understood by users and programmer in
precise and detailed form.

– Implemented the logical design of system

which must be modular.

– Plan the periodicity for evaluation after it has

been used for some time, and modify the
CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 20
 Attributes of a Systems
Analyst

Fig. 3.3: Attributes a systems analyst should

possess
CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 21
 Attributes of a Systems
• Analyst contd..
Interpersonal Skills
– Interface with users and programmer.
– Facilitate groups and lead smaller teams.
– Managing expectations.
– Good understanding, communication, selling and
teaching abilities.
– Motivator having the confidence to solve queries.

• Analytical Skills
– System study and organizational knowledge
– Problem identification, problem analysis, and
problem solving
– Sound commonsense
– Ability to access trade-off
– Curiosity to learn about new organization
CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 22
 Attributes of a Systems
Analyst contd..
• Management Skills
– Understand users jargon and practices.
– Resource &project management
– Change & risk management
– Understand the management functions
thoroughly.

• Technical Skills
– Knowledge of computers and software
– Keep abreast of modern development.
– Know of system design tools.
– Breadth knowledge about new
technologies
CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 23
 What is the Project Team in
SDLC?
• The team pursues to match the
objectives of information system
with the organization goal.
Formed to work on project from beginning to end

nsists of users, systems analyst, and other IT professionals

Project leader—one member of the team
who
manages and controls project budget and
schedule
Fig. 3.4: Summary of the role of a system analyst

CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 24
 Q&A

CSC 307- System Analysis and Design Prepared by Dams G. L. & Kameel B. Chapter 3: Slide 25