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Relations and Functions

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10 views

Relations and Functions

Uploaded by

Hana sings
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Relati ons and functi ons

1 of 11 © Boardworks 2012
Information

2 of 11 © Boardworks 2012
Relations

A relation is a rule that links quantities. For every input,


the relation associates one or more outputs.

For example: here is a diagram showing the rule double and


subtract 3, with the input set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}:
rule
input output
1 –1
2 1
3 3
4 5
5 7

3 of 11 © Boardworks 2012
Types of relation

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Graphs of relations I

We can graph relations by plotting the input on the horizontal


axis and the output on the vertical axis.
What type of relation is shown here?

Draw horizontal lines and count how


often the graph intersects each line.
If any line intersects the graph more
than once, it is a many-to-
something relation.

Doing the same with vertical lines


tells us whether it is a
something-to-one or
Many-to- one something-to-many relation.

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Graphs of relations II

What types of relations are shown here?

● Look at the horizontals to see if it is one-to-… or many-to-…


● Look at the verticals to see if it is …-to-one or …-to-many.

Many-to- many One-to- one One-to- many

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Functions

A function is a special type of relation that associates one,


and only one, output to each input.

Only a one-to-one or a many-to-one


relation can be called a function.

One-to-many and many-to-many


relations are not functions.

A relation is a function if there is


no vertical line that intersects
the graph more than once.

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Which graphs represent functions?

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Function notation

We can name functions using function notation, just as we


name variables with letters like x.
We usually use the letter f to represent a function and write
f (x) for the output of the function, f, at input value x.
For example, the function “square and add 5” can be written:
“f of x equals x
f (x) = x + 52
squared plus 5”

To find the output of a function for a


particular input, for example at x = –3,
we can write:
f (–3) = (–3)2 + 5 = 14

9 of 11 © Boardworks 2012
Function notation

The set of all permissible inputs is called the domain of the


function. If the domain has not been given, we assume that x
belongs to the set of real numbers, R.

The set of all corresponding outputs is


called the range of the function.

What is the range of this function?


f (x) = x2 + 5 with domain x = R

The smallest value of f (x) is 5, so:


f (x) ≥ 5

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Summary

11 of 11 © Boardworks 2012

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