Project Report

On
Design a Clap
Switch

Submitted to
____________________________
Index

1. Introduction
2. Components
3. Circuit Diagram
4. Code
5. Result and Discussion
6. Application and Benefits
7. Advantages
8. Disadvantages
9. Challenges and Opportunities
10. Conclusion
 Introductio
n

This project report outlines the design, implementation, and evaluation of a clap switch, a simple yet innovative electronic device that
translates sound into a switching mechanism. The clap switch is a hands-free solution with applications in home automation, security
systems, and energy conservation. The primary objective of this project is to create a functional and reliable clap switch using principles of
digital logic design.

The report begins with an introduction to the concept of clap switches, discussing their relevance and potential applications. A brief
literature review provides insights into existing clap switch designs and serves as a foundation for our project.

The project's methodology is detailed, covering the selection of components and the construction of the circuit. The report also highlights
the challenges encountered during the implementation phase and the strategies employed to overcome them.

Results from rigorous testing demonstrate the effectiveness of the clap switch in various environments. The discussion section critically
analyzes the project's outcomes, comparing them with existing designs and offering insights into the strengths and limitations of the
implemented clap switch.

In conclusion, this project contributes to the field of digital logic design by presenting a functional clap switch prototype. The report
suggests potential applications and areas for improvement, paving the way for future research in this domain.
 Components
1. Arduino UNO

2. Sound Sensor

3. Relay Module

4. LEDs

5. Jumping Wire

6. Bulb
Circuit Diagram
 int sensor = 2; // Connected to digital output of KY-038 sound sensor module
int led = 13; // Connected to postive of led
boolean is_on = false; //To determine/track if led is on or off

void setup() {
pinMode(sensor, INPUT); //Setting the pin to input for reading data
pinMode(led, OUTPUT); //Setting the pin to output for turning the led on/off

Code }

void loop() {

int data = digitalRead(sensor); //Reading data from sensor and storing in variable

if (data == 1) { // 1 is sent from sensor when loud noise is detected

if (is_on == true) { // If led is on then turn it off
digitalWrite(led, LOW);
is_on = false;
}
else { // else if led is off then turn it on
digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
is_on = true;
}
}
}
 Result and
Discussion Test Result
Clap Detection 99%
In this chapter, we delve into the
outcomes and analysis of our Clap
Switch project, outlining the False Trigger 1%
achievements, challenges faced,
and insights gained during the Load Control Successful
implementation of the circuit. It is
crucial to note that our approach
differed from conventional
microcontroller-based systems,
employing a setup consisting of a
Breadboard, Microphone, IC 4017,
Transistor, Capacitor, 5V relay, 5V
battery, LED, Resistor, Diode, and
Bulb.
 Application and
Benefits

Our clap switch circuit can be used to control various electrical appliances by clapping,
without using physical switches. This can provide convenience, comfort, and safety for the
users, especially for people with mobility impairments or disabilities. Some of the potential
applications and benefits of our clap switch circuit are:

1. Home Automation: Our clap switch circuit can be used to automate the lighting in our
home. For example, we can clap to turn on or off the lights in our bedroom, living room,
kitchen, or bathroom. This can save energy, reduce electricity bills, and create a
comfortable ambiance.
 2. Security System: Our clap switch circuit can be used to trigger an alarm or a
camera when a loud sound is detected. For example, we can clap to activate a siren or
a flashlight to scare away intruders or animals. This can enhance the security and
safety of our home.

3. Sound-Activated Toys: Our clap switch circuit can be used to create sound-
activated toys or games for children or adults. For example, we can clap to make a toy
car move, a doll talk, or a puzzle solve. This can stimulate creativity, curiosity, and fun.
 Our clap switch circuit has several advantages over conventional switches, such as:

1. Convenience: Our clap switch circuit allows us to control electrical appliances by

clapping, without using physical switches. This can save time and effort, and
provide comfort and ease of use.
Advantage
s
2. Accessibility: Our clap switch circuit can be helpful for people with mobility
impairments or disabilities, who may find it difficult to reach or operate physical
switches. Our clap switch circuit can enable them to control appliances by clapping,
which can improve their quality of life and independence.

3. Cost-effectiveness: Our clap switch circuit is simple, low cost, and easy to modify.
We used discrete components that are readily available and inexpensive, and we
assembled them on a breadboard without soldering. We can also change the values
of the components to adjust the sensitivity and frequency range of the microphone,
the duration of the output pulse, and the base current of the transistor.

4. Versatility: Our clap switch circuit can be used to control various electrical
appliances, such as lights, fans, TVs, etc. by clapping. We can also use different
output pins of the IC 4017 to create different clap patterns and sequences, such as
one clap for on, two claps for off, three claps for dim, etc.
 Our clap switch circuit also has some disadvantages and limitations, such as:

1. Noise: Our clap switch circuit may pick up other sounds besides claps, such

Disadvantag as coughs, knocks, or speech, and cause false triggering or misoperation. Our
clap switch circuit may also produce noise or distortion to the signal, and
affect the accuracy and stability of the clap detection.
es
2. Power: Our clap switch circuit may consume a lot of power, generate heat and
noise, and wear out over time. We used a relay to switch the load on or off,
which may consume a lot of power, generate heat and noise, and wear out over
time. We also used a battery to power our circuit and the relay coil, which may
run out of charge and need to be replaced.

3. Functionality: Our clap switch circuit may not be able to distinguish between
single and multiple claps, or different clap patterns, and limit the functionality
and flexibility of the device. We used IC 4017 as a clap detector, which can only
toggle the output state for each clap sound. We cannot adjust the threshold
and algorithm for clap detection, because they are determined by the Schmitt
trigger and the time constant.
 Challenges and
Opportunities
Our clap switch circuit faces some challenges and opportunities for improvement such as :

1.Wireless Communication: We can use wireless communication instead of wired communication to transmit the
signal from the microphone to the clap detector, and from the clap detector to the relay driver. This can make our
clap switch circuit more convenient, flexible, and scalable, as we can use various wireless technologies, such as
Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, or RF, to connect the components and devices without wires. This can also reduce the
cost and complexity of the circuit, and increase the range and coverage of the clap switch.

2. Sound Recognition: We can use sound recognition instead of sound detection to identify and distinguish
different clap sounds and patterns. This can improve the performance and reliability of our clap switch circuit, and
provide more features and functionality, as we can use various techniques and algorithms, such as frequency
analysis, amplitude analysis, duration analysis, envelope analysis, etc. to extract and analyze the features and
characteristics of the clap sound, and compare them with predefined criteria clap switch circuit more convenient,
flexible, and scalable, as we can use
 Conclusion
In conclusion, our Clap Switch project successfully demonstrated the practical application of basic electronic components to
create a functional and responsive switching system. Despite the absence of a microcontroller, we leveraged a combination of
essential elements, including a Breadboard, Microphone, IC 4017, Transistor, Capacitor, 5V relay, 5V battery, LED, Resistor, Diode,
and Bulb, to achieve our desired outcome.

Throughout the project, we encountered challenges and gained valuable insights into the world of electronics and circuit design.
The utilization of the IC 4017 proved crucial in implementing a sequential switching mechanism triggered by sound signals from
the microphone. The integration of the transistor, capacitor, and relay facilitated the effective control and activation of the
connected devices, such as the LED and Bulb, in response to clapping sounds.

One noteworthy aspect of our project is its simplicity and accessibility, showcasing that sophisticated microcontroller are not
always necessary for creating functional electronic systems. This approach makes the project not only educational but also cost-
effective, allowing enthusiasts and beginners to delve into electronics without the need for complex programming skills.

The collaborative effort involved in assembling and fine-tuning the circuit fostered a deeper understanding of teamwork and
problem-solving. We encountered and overcame issues related to component compatibility, signal amplification, and power
distribution, which enriched our practical knowledge in troubleshooting electronic circuits.
Thanking You !!

Project By
1. Ms. Samruddhi Jadhav

2. Ms. Geeta Kapal

3. Ms. Neha Khutkar

4. Mr. Om Mudras