General Physics 1
Quarter 2 – Week 2
Newton’s Law of
Universal Gravitation &
Kepler’s Law
of Planetary Motion
ROTATIONAL KINEMATICS
Rotational kinematics is all about any object that can
rotate or spin. It’s different from linear motion when
object simply moves forward in a straight line. The
kinematics of rotational motion describes the
relationships among rotation angle (θ), angular velocity
(ω), angular acceleration (α), and time (t). Take note that
translational kinematic quantities, such as displacement,
velocity, and acceleration are directly analogous to
rotational motion.
Angular Position,
Displacement
We will now define the angle of
rotation (θ) as the ratio of the arc
length (s) to the radius (r) of the
circle. We call this angle of rotation
(θ) the angular displacement.
We denote angular displacement
as Θ (theta). In symbol,
Figure 1.2 The Angle of Displacement
Where : θ is the angle of rotation,
S is the arc length, and
r is the radius.
Angular Position,
Displacement
Angular displacement is unit less since it is
the ratio of two distances but, we will say that
the angular displacement is measured in
radians.
Angular Velocity
In linear motion, velocity (v) is defined as the rate of
change of the object's position with respect to a frame of
reference and time that is,
while acceleration (a) is the rate of change of velocity. In
symbol, we have:
;
In rotational motion, angular velocity (ω) is defined as the
change in angular displacement (θ) per unit of time (t). In
symbol,
Angular Velocity
In rotational motion, angular velocity (ω) is defined as
the change in angular displacement (θ) per unit of time (t).
In symbol,
The symbol ω is pronounced "omega" is used to denote
angular velocity.
From linear velocity conversion, we have:
ω = v/r,
where:
ω is the angular velocity (rad/s),
v is the tangential velocity (m/s), and
r is the radius in circular path (meters).
Angular Velocity
As you can see, the tangential velocity
(v) is directly proportional to the product of
the angular velocity and the radius of the
moving object. This confirms your feeling
when riding a merry-go-round. Thus, the
farther you are from the center, the faster
you feel you are moving.
Angular Acceleration
The angular acceleration of a rotating object is the rate at which the
angular velocity changes with respect to time. It is the change in the angular
velocity, divided by the change in time. The average angular acceleration is
the change in the angular velocity, divided by the change in time. The angular
acceleration is a vector that points in a direction along the rotation axis. The
magnitude of the angular acceleration is given by the formula below. The unit
of angular acceleration is radians/s2.
Angular Acceleration
In symbol,
Where:
α = angular acceleration, (radians/s2)
Δω = change in angular velocity (radians/s)
Δt = change in time (s)
ω1 = initial angular velocity (radians/s)
ω2= final angular velocity (radians/s)
t1 = initial time (s)
t2= final time (s).
The symbol α is pronounced "Alpha". The unit of measure is
radian per second squared (rd/s2).
Rotational
Kinematics
Angular
Acceleration
The comparison
between the
variables of
translational and
angular when r is
given.
Rotational
Kinematics
Problem: 1
If an object travels around a circle with an
angular displacement of 75.8 radians in 2.5
seconds, what is its average angular velocity ω
in (rad/s)?
Problem: 2
A motorcycle wheel with a radius of 0.38 m
starts from rest and accelerates at a rate of 4.5
rad/s2 for 8 s. What is its final angular velocity?
Problem: 3
A disc in a DVD player starts from rest, and
when the user presses “Play”, it begins spinning.
The disc spins at 160 radians/s after 4.0 s. What
was the average angular acceleration of the
disc?
Problem: 4
A car tire is turning at a rate of 7.0 rad/sec as it
travels along the road. The driver increases the
car's speed, and as a result, each tire's angular
speed increases to 9.0 rad /sec in 8.0 sec. Find
the angular acceleration of the tire.
Problem: 5
As a car starts accelerating (from rest) along a straight road
at a rate of 2.4 m/s2, each of its tires gains an angular
acceleration of 6.86 rad/s2. Calculate (a) the radius of its
tires, (b) the angular speed of every particle of the tires
after 3.0s, and (c) the angle every particle of its tires
travels during the 3.0-second period. Given: ωi = 0 (from
rest) at = 2.4 m/s2 α = 6.86 rad/s2 Δt = 3.0 s Asked: a) r b) ωf
c) θ
Problem:
Baxia was standing on top of a building and
drops a rock & hits the ground after 5s.
What is the final velocity just before it hits
the ground?
Problem:
Baxia was standing on top of a building that
is 122.5m high and decided to drop a rock.
What is the final velocity of the rock just
before it hits the ground?
