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Week2 - Digitalization of Data

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13 views

Week2 - Digitalization of Data

Uploaded by

khadijaizzuddeen7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIGITALIZATION

OF DATA
INTRODUCTION
• Digitalization is the process of converting information into digital
format.
• This
information may represent an object, image, sound, document or a
signal (usually an analog signal) organized into discrete set of points or
samples.
• This is the binary data that computers can process.
• Digitalization
can also be defined as the integration of digital
technologies into everyday life.
• Modern cameras, television, phones and computers are all examples of
digital technology
• Prior to the digital system, most technologies ran on the analog system.
INTRODUCTION
• An analog system uses continuous signal that varies in amplitude
to represent a variable, such as voice or data.
• Analog systems do not have a limited range of steps like a digital
system
•A digital system uses a binary numeric system in which electronic
pulses are represented by either 1 for a high pulse or 0 for a low
pulse
• Digital
systems can more easily represent symbols, such as
alphanumeric character that represent real-world data, than
analog system
THE COMPUTER AS A DATA
PROCESSING DEVICE
• Computers are machines that perform tasks or calculations
according to a set of instructions, or programs.
TYPES OF COMPUTERS: MICRO
COMPUTERS
• Theseare the most common type of computers used by people
today, whether in a workplace, at school or on the desk at home.
• They are the smallest class of computers
• Microcomputers include: desktop computers, game consoles,
laptops, notebook computers, smartphones, smart books and PDs
(Personal Digital Assistants), programmable calculators
TYPES OF COMPUTERS:
MICROCOMPUTERS
TYPES OF COMPUTERS:
MINICOMPUTERS
•A minicomputer is a class of multi-user computers that lies in the
middle range between mainframe and microcomputers or personal
computers.
• It has a large size and storage capacity
TYPES OF COMPUTERS:
MAINFRAME COMPUTERS
•Amainframe computer is a large computer meant to service
multiple users.
• These computers can handle and quickly process huge amounts of
data.
• Mainframe
computers are used in large institutions such as
government, banks, and large corporations.
• Their
speed is measured in million instructions per second (MIPS)
and they respond to up to hundreds of millions of users at a time.
• They make use of magnetic disks for mass data storage.
TYPES OF COMPUTERS:
MAINFRAME COMPUTERS
TYPES OF COMPUTERS: SUPER
COMPUTERS
•A supercomputer performs at a speed that is far above that of
other computers.
• It
is focused on performing tasks involving intense numerical
calculations such as weather forecasting, fluid dynamics, nuclear
simulations, theoretical astrophysics, and complex scientific
computations.
• They are used by scientists, large businesses, meteorologists, etc.
•A supercomputer is a computer that is at the frontline of current
processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation.
• Supercomputer processing speeds are measured in floating point
per second or FLOPS.
TYPES OF COMPUTERS: SUPER
COMPUTERS
• In
terms of computational capability, memory size and speed, I/O
technology, and topological issues such as bandwidth and latency,
supercomputers are the most powerful.
• Supercomputers are very expensive, and not cost-effective just to
perform batch or transaction processing.
COMPONENTS OF THE COMPUTER
1. Data Path: This manipulates the data coming through the
processor. It also provides a small amount of temporary data
storage. The data path consists of the following components:
Programmable registers are small data storage units directly
visible to assembly language programmers. They can be used like
simple variables in a high-level program.
The program counters (PCs): hold the address for fetching
instructions.
Multiplexers: have control inputs coming from control. They are
used for routing data through the data path.
COMPONENTS OF THE COMPUTER
Processing elements: compute new data values from old data
values. The major processing elements in simple processors are
grouped into an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).
Special-purpose registers: hold data that is needed for processor
operation but is not directly visible to assembly language
programmers.
2. Control Unit: generates control signals that direct the operation
of memory and the data path. It tells the memory to send or receive
data. It tells the ALU what operation to perform
3. Memory: holds instructions and most of the data for currently
executing programs.
COMPONENTS OF THE COMPUTER
4. Input: external devices such as keyboards, mice, disks, and
networks that provide input to the processor.
5. Output: external devices such as displays, printers, disks, and
networks that receive data from the processor.

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