Applied Physics

Course Code:-GSC-114
Instructor: Engr. Faizan Ali Siddiqui
Bahira University, Karachi Campus
Department of Software Engineering
Introduction to Course
And Background
Week-01 (Lecture 01 and 02)
By Engr. Faizan Ali Siddiqui
Bahira University, Karachi Campus
Department of Software Engineering
 Lecture Outline
• Course objectives and description

• Course learning outcomes (CLOS)

• Course content

• Course assessment method

• Course resources

• Importance of Physics in software Engineering

• Background

• Laws of motions

• Self-Check Exercise
Course objectives and
description
Objective of this course is to demonstrate the fundamental concepts of physics and their
application in engineering. It will help the students to illustrate the phenomenon of
Electrostatic and Electromagnetism in details and to derive and analyze equations for
various scenarios. It will help to build the concept of Electric and Magnetic Field lines and
their behavior. It will increase students’ knowledge about energy levels and energy bands
in semiconductor physics. It will help the student to understand the Simple Harmonic
Oscillator and wave and oscillation phenomenon. It also aims to provide introductory
knowledge of modern physics and increase the students’ Concepts about nuclear and
cosmologic radiation in conjunction with their applications.
Course learning outcomes
(CLOS)
Bloom’s
CLO # CLO Statement Taxonomy

Define and Recall the fundamental laws of physics and

vectors relevant to the engineering science and to
CLO 1 understand wave & oscillation, electrostatics, C1
electromagnetism, semiconductor, and modern physics

Apply knowledge of basic physical laws to solve various

CLO 2 problems of applied nature C3

CLO 3 Analyze different physical problems of electrostatics,

electromagnetism, semiconductor, wave & oscillation and C4
modern physics.
Course content
Week Tentative Course Plan Week Tentative Course Plan
• Physics Introduction
1 • Scalars and Vectors
• Electrostatics
• Types of Vectors
• Electric Charge, conservation of charge,
• Laws of Vector, Directions Cosines charge quantization
5
2 • Law of Sine and Cosine • Coulomb’s Law
• Vector Numerical • Related Numerical problems
• Force and Motion
3 • Newton’s Laws of Motion and Graviation • Electric Field and Electric Field Intensity
6
• Gravity & Gravitational Potential Energy • Electric flux

• Wave and Oscillation • Gauss’s Law

• Simple Harmonic Oscillator and Damped 7 • Applications of Gauss’s Law
4 Harmonic Oscillation
• Related Numerical problems
• Forced Oscillation and Resonance,
• Type of Waves and Superposition Principle • Electric potential
8
• Electric potential energy, related problems
Course content
Week Tentative Course Plan
9 • Mid Term Exams

• Electromotive Force
10 • Electric current
• Electrical resistance
• Capacitance and dielectric

• Resistivity and Conductivity, Electric Power

11 • Ohm’s law and its applications
• KCL and KVL
• Electromagnetism
• Magnetic fields and Hall effect
12 Biot-Savart Law
•
• Forces and Torques on Current Carrying Conductors
Course content
Week Tentative Course Plan
• Potential Energy and Forces on Magnetic Materials and Magnetic Dipole Moment
13 • Ampere’s Law, Faraday’s Law and Lenz’s Law
• Inductance and Mutual inductance
• Introduction to Modern Physics
• Photoelectric Effect, Compton Effect
14
• Bohr’s Theory of Hydrogen Atom
• Atomic Structure
• Radioactive Decay and Radioactive Dating
15 • Nuclear Reactions
• Cosmology and The Cosmic Background Radiation
• Semiconductor Physics
• Energy Levels in a Semiconductor, Doped Semiconductors and Hole concept
16
• Intrinsic and Extrinsic Regions and p-n Junction
• Photodiode, LED, Vector and Tunnel diode, Transistor
Course assessment method
METHOD OF EVALUATION AND STRUCTURE:
EVALUATION
MARKS
INSTRUMENTS (EI)
Quizzes 10
Assignments 20
Mid Term Examination 20
Final Examination 50
Total 100
Course resources
• INSTRUCTOR:
Engr. Faizan Ali Siddiqui

• TEXTBOOKS:
1. Principles of Physics by David Halliday, Jearl Walker and Robert Resnick (Latest Ed)

• REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. A. Physics for Computer Science Students, Narciso Garcia, Arthur Damask

2. B. Raymond A Serway and John W. Jawett, Jr. Physics for Scientists and Engineers
with modern Physics, 09th Edition.

3. C. Abhijit Nayak, Kataria, “Engineering Physics.

Does Software Engineering
Require Physics?
Does Software Engineering
Require Physics?
• It helps with logical thinking, debugging issues, solving complex
problems, and working with physics-related applications.

• The ability to think abstractly, problem solve, and think logically are
handy skills in both physics and development.

• Running experiments and detailed analysis in a physics lab will

translate to good attention to detail and troubleshooting when coding.
Does Software Engineering
Require Physics?
Debugging
• Much of your life as a software engineer will be spent debugging error-prone pieces of
code and refactoring old broken code. The process of debugging can be painful,
especially in legacy software with poorly written code.

physics-related applications
• A software developer at NASA probably has some idea of the movements of a rocket
before they program the model. A VR developer understands how to translate things
from the 2D world into the 3D.
Does Software Engineering
Require Physics?
Electronics and Embedded
Systems
• Physics course can help students gain insights into electronic circuits, sensors,
and other hardware components often used in software engineering for IoT
(Internet of Things) and embedded systems development.
 Introduction to Physics
• Physics is one of the most significant disciplines of natural science, which describe the
nature and properties of matter and energy.

• The term ‘physics’ is derived from the Ancient Greek word i.e. ‘phusikḗ’ meaning
‘knowledge of nature.

• physics includes mechanics, heat & thermodynamics, optics, sound, electricity,

magnetism, etc.

• Inventions of new technology such as television, computers, cell phone, advanced

home appliances, nuclear weapons, etc.
Introduction to Physics
 Introduction to Physics
• The era of modern physics came with the discovery of quantum theory by Max Planck
and theory of relativity by Albert Einstein.
 Laws of Motion
• I. Law of Inertia
• An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion
will stay in motion at constant velocity, unless acted upon
by an unbalanced force.
• II. F=ma
• Force equals mass times acceleration.
• 3rd Law –
• III. Action-Reaction
• For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
 Newton’s First Law
• An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion
with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced
force.

The table pushes upward on the

book

Book

Gravity pulls downward on the

book

Example of balanced force Example of Unbalanced force

 Newton’s First Law
• Inertia: The tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion.

• The First Law states that all objects have inertia. The more mass an object has, the
more inertia it has (and the harder it is to change its motion).

• Therefore, inertia depends on mass.

 Newton’s First Law
• Inertia causes a passenger in a car to continue to move forward even though the car
stops.

• This is the reason that seat belts are so important for the safety of passengers.

• NOTE: Inertia is the reason that it is impossible for vehicles to stop instantaneously.
If objects in motion tend to stay in
motion, why don’t moving objects
keep moving forever?
Things don’t keep moving forever because
there’s almost always an unbalanced force
acting upon it.

A book sliding across a table slows

down and stops because of the
force of friction.

If you throw a ball upwards it will

eventually slow down and fall
because of the force of gravity.
Newton’s (2ND)Second Law

Force equals mass times acceleration.

F = ma
Acceleration: a measurement of how quickly
an object is changing speed and direction
(velocity) per unit time.
MORE MASS NEEDS MORE
FORCE FOR GREATER
ACCELERATION
Newton’s Third Law
“Law of Action and
Reaction”

“When one object exerts a force on a second object, the

second one exerts a force on the first that is equal in
magnitude and opposite in direction.”
.
3 Law- Meaning????
rd
According to Newton,
whenever objects A and B
interact with each other,
they exert forces upon each
other. When you sit in your
chair, your body exerts a
downward force on the
chair and the chair exerts an
upward force on your body.
3 Law
rd

The reaction of a rocket

is an application of the
third law of motion.
Various fuels are burned
in the engine, producing
hot gases.
The hot gases push
against the inside tube of
the rocket and escape out
the bottom of the tube.
As the gases move
downward, the rocket
moves in the opposite
direction.
3 Law
rd

Flying gracefully
through the air,
birds depend on
Newton’s third
law of motion. As
the birds push
down on the air
with their wings,
the air pushes
their wings up
Other Example of Newton’s 3rd Law of
Motion
 Real Time Applications of Laws of motion

• Automobile Safety Systems: Airbags, seatbelts, are all designed to protect

occupants by utilizing the principles of inertia (the first law) to reduce the force
of impact during a collision.

• Projectile Motion: missiles, and rockets. Engineers and scientists use these
principles to calculate trajectories and predict the motion of these projectiles.

• Aviation: Aircraft design, navigation, and control systems all rely on the laws of
motion. For example, Allowing it to change direction and altitude.
 Real Time Applications of Laws of motion

• Sports: Various sports, such as baseball, soccer, and tennis, involve the
application of the laws of motion. Athletes use their understanding of these
principles to control the trajectory and speed of a ball, as well as their own
movements, to achieve desired outcomes.

• Engineering and Machine Design

• Amusement Park Rides

• Traffic Engineering:
Newton’s 2nd Law proves that different masses
accelerate to the earth at the same rate, but with
different forces.

• We know that
objects with
different masses
accelerate to the
ground at the same
rate.
• However, because
of the 2nd Law we
know that they
don’t hit the ground
with the same
F = ma F = ma
force.
98 N = 10 kg x 9.8 m/s/s 9.8 N = 1 kg x 9.8 m/s/s
Self-Check Exercise

• 1. What acceleration will result when a 12 N net force applied to a 3 kg object? A

6 kg object?

• 2. A net force of 16 N causes a mass to accelerate at a rate of 5 m/s2. Determine

the mass.

• 3. How much force is needed to accelerate a 66 kg skier 1 m/sec/sec?

• 4. What is the force on a 1000 kg elevator that is falling freely at 9.8 m/sec/sec?
Self-Check Exercise
• 1. What acceleration will result when a 12 N net force applied to a 3 kg object?
12 N = 3 kg x 4 m/s/s

• 2. A net force of 16 N causes a mass to accelerate at a rate of 5 m/s2. Determine the mass.
16 N = 3.2 kg x 5 m/s/s

• 3. How much force is needed to accelerate a 66 kg skier 1 m/sec/sec?

66 kg-m/sec/sec or 66 N

• 4. What is the force on a 1000 kg elevator that is falling freely at 9.8 m/sec/sec?

• 9800 kg-m/sec/sec or 9800 N