Substation Maintenance

Section

Prepared by:
Eng. Fahad Al Khoori

(Update : Jan, 2019)

 Organization Chart
EOMD
ELECTRICITY OPERATION & MAINTENANCE DIRECTORATE
(Eng. Fatima Al Dhaheri)

EMD-C
Electricity Maintenance Department
(Eng. Faleh Al Shamsi)

Operation Unit SS Maintenance Section Cables Section Over-head Lines Section

(Eng. MOHD Al Katheri) (Eng. Saeed Al Harmoodi) (Eng. Abdul Aziz Al Katheri) (Eng. Ahmed Al Saeedi)

Condition Based Corrective Reliability Centered

Monitoring Unit Technical Support Unit
Maintenance Unit Maintenance Unit
(Eng. MOHD Al Hajri) (Eng. Fahad Al Khoori)
( Eng. MOHD Salem) (Eng. Ahmed Genidy)
 Condition Based Monitoring (CBM)
Carry out daily maintenance activities at site.

CBM

CN PM

Preventive Maintenance of
Condition Assessment for power equipment including
power equipment for testing.
maximum interruption time
of 3 minutes (interruption allowed for > 3
minutes)
 Corrective Maintenance
• Corrective actions for abnormalities and snags recorded in the
“ATS” during the CBM and INS as per priority.
• Requests and follows Corrective Maintenance Contracts.
Abnormality Tracking System
• CB Mechanism Problem.
• CB Not opening Remotely.
Electrical • Oil Leak from Bushings.
Abnormalities •
•
EFI Faulty.
RMU Low Gas Pressure

• Trench Cover Missing.

Civil • Substation Door Needs Welding.
Abnormalities •
•
Substation Fence Broken.
Substation Without Access Road.
• Substation Needs Painting.

• Substation Without Name Plate.

• Trees Need Cutting.
Other • Substation without Lock.
• DTR Body Rusty.
Abnormalities • A/C Water Leak.
 Reliability Centered Maintenance
• Collect data of equipment condition, analyze data, and decide
the optimal procedure for equipment maintenance.
 Technical Support
• Provide technical support for all TMTs & PMTs.
• Prepare annual budget for the Section.
• Prepare MRs and PRs related to the Section.
• Review and enhance technical standards and specifications.
• Prepare and review procedures for maintenance activities.
 Substation Maintenance Work
• Substation Maintenance has 6 working Groups.

* Types of Maintenance work for each group:

1. Condition Based Monitoring “CBM”: (3 Days).
2. Corrective Maintenance “CM”: (1 Day).
3. Inspection (1 Day).
4. Emergency. (Any Time)
 Power Journey

AADC

Primary
Generation Grid Station Distribution Feeder
Substation Substation
Station Pillar

11 KV 220/33 KV 33/11 KV 11/0.415 KV 415 V

 Types of Distribution Substations
(11/0.415 KV)
• Brick-Built S/S (SBB):
HV Panel
LV Panel
Transformer(s)

• Package-Unit S/S (SPU):

TRM
Transformer
LV Panel

• Ground Mounted S/S (GMT):

TRM
Transformer
Feeder Pillar
 Brick-Built Substation

• 4-way panel board (11 KV):

• 415 V LV panel: (0.415 KV):

 11 kV Switchgear
• 11 kV 4-Way Panel Board:
- Withdrawable
- Fixed

• 11 kV Ring Main Unit:

- TRM:
- QRM:
 LV Panel (415 V)
Main Parts:
- Fuse Carriers (16-18 ways).
- LV Isolators.
- LV Bus-section.
- Metering Panel
LV Feeder Pillar (415 V)
 Battery & Chargers
 For Distribution
Substations: 48 V DC

• For Primary
Substations: 110 V DC
 Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)
• Device that collects equipment data, codes them to be transmitted to a
“Master Station”
Earth Fault Indicator
 Package Unit Substation

• Transformer:

• TRM:

• LV Panel:
 Transformer Concept

* N /N2 = V1/V2 = I2/I1

1
 Main Parts of Transformer
1. HV & LV Windings.

2. Magnetic Core.

3. Housing.
 Auxiliary Parts of Transformer
• Temperature Gauge:

• Oil Level Gauge:

• Pressure Relief:

• Oil Drain Valve:

• Cable Bushing:

• Radiator:

• Marshaling Box:
 Types of Transformers (Rating)
1. Power Transformer (33/11 KV):
Ratings: 7.5 MVA, 15 MVA, 20 MVA.

2. Distribution Transformer (11/0.415 KV):

Ratings: 50 KVA, 200 KVA, 500 KVA, 1000 KVA,
1500 KVA, 2000 KVA.
 Types of Transformers (Insulation)
• Oil Type:

• Dry Type:
 Types of transformers (Cooling)
• Oil Natural - Air Natural (ONAN):
• Oil Natural - Air Forced (ONAF):
• Oil Forced - Air Natural (OFAN):
• Oil Forced - Air Forced (OFAF):
 Transformer Cooling

ONAN ONAF

OFAN OFAF
Vector Group (DYN-11)
 Tap Changer

* Five taps in distribution transformers.

* 17, 19, 21 taps in power transformers.

 Buchholz Relay
• Buchholz relay is a protection device sensitive to the dielectric failure inside oil
transformers.
• Types of minor internal faults in transformers:
- Insulation faults between turns.
- Break-down of the transformer’s core.
- Core heating.
• Transformer’s oil decomposes into:
- Hydrocarbon gases.
- CO2.
- CO.
• Two main parts:
- Float (Alarm)
- Baffle (Trip)
Oil Level Indicator
Silica-jell Breather
Cable Termination
 Switchgear
• Consists of 5 Main Compartment:
- Cables .
- Circuit Breaker.
- Bus-bars.
- Control.
- CTs & VTs.
 Circuit Breakers
• Used to limit the fault and protect the
equipment.

• Types:
- Oil CB:
- Vacuum CB
- SF6 CB
Oil CB
 Circuit Breakers
• Mechanism:

• Interrupter:

• Bushing:

• Track:
 CB Interrupter

Terminal disc
Insulator (ceramics)
Arcing chamber made of copper
Fixed contact
Movable contact
Metal bellows

Operating and connecting bolt

CB Mechanism
 Bushings
• Isolates electrical parts
from earthed parts.
CT & VT
 Capacitor Bank
• Capacitor Banks are connected on the 11kV side
of Primary Substations.

• Each Capacitor Bank Has 5-stages.

• Each stage is 1.25 MVAR.

• Inductive loads require magnetic field (to

establish flux in iron) to operate which cause
current phasor lagging voltage phasor.

• P.F (Cos Ǿ)= True Power / Apparent Power.

 Bus Section & bus Coupler

Bus Section:

Bus Coupler:
 Common Problems
• Oil Leak:

• C.B. Mechanism:

• Flash-over:

• CT & VT:

• Isolators:

• Low Gas Pressure:

Flash-Over
 Workshop

• Trench Cover Fabrication.

• Doors Repairing & Welding.

• Steel Foundation Fixing.

• Metal Painting.
 Safety Documents
• LAP: Limited Access Permit:
- Entering substations.
- Opening & closing CBs
- No Earthing Applied
• PTW: Permit To Work:
- Opening & Closing CBs
- Apply Earthing (till work finishing)
• SFT: Sanction For Test:
- Opening & Closing CBs.
- Apply Earthing (can be removed during work)
• RISSP: Record of Inter-System Safety Precautions:
Coordination with TRANSCO or Generation Plants.
Questions ?
Thank You